The Vertical Metallicity Gradient of the Galactic Disk for Mono-age Stellar Populations in LAMOST

The vertical metallicity gradient of the Galactic disk offers valuable insights into the disk’s formation and chemical evolution over time. We utilized the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope low-resolution spectral young stellar sample to investigate this gradient and found th...

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Main Authors: Gaohuan Long, Haibo Yuan, Shuai Xu, Chun Wang, Ruoyi Zhang, Bowen Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adbf93
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author Gaohuan Long
Haibo Yuan
Shuai Xu
Chun Wang
Ruoyi Zhang
Bowen Huang
author_facet Gaohuan Long
Haibo Yuan
Shuai Xu
Chun Wang
Ruoyi Zhang
Bowen Huang
author_sort Gaohuan Long
collection DOAJ
description The vertical metallicity gradient of the Galactic disk offers valuable insights into the disk’s formation and chemical evolution over time. We utilized the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope low-resolution spectral young stellar sample to investigate this gradient and found that it approaches zero as stellar effective temperature (or age) increases (or decreases) across various Galactocentric distances. To validate this result, we analyzed 295 open clusters younger than 3 Gyr and 976 classical cepheids within the Galactic disk. The findings confirmed that, within a given narrow age range, the vertical metallicity gradient is effectively zero. This relationship between metallicity and age supports the “upside-down” disk formation theory, as it indicates that the youngest and most metal-rich stars dominate the midplane, while older and more metal-poor stars formed at larger vertical heights and currently tend to be at these heights. Overall, our results align well with theoretical predictions, offering further insight into the chemical evolution and structural properties of the Milky Way.
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issn 1538-4357
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series The Astrophysical Journal
spelling doaj-art-defa48182ae74ed2a7eb3f39e99ee1e72025-08-20T01:51:48ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198315110.3847/1538-4357/adbf93The Vertical Metallicity Gradient of the Galactic Disk for Mono-age Stellar Populations in LAMOSTGaohuan Long0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1564-0179Haibo Yuan1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-2363Shuai Xu2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3535-504XChun Wang3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-2334Ruoyi Zhang4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-1268Bowen Huang5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-0517Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China ; yuanhb@bnu.edu.cn; School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , No.19, Xinjiekouwai St., Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China ; yuanhb@bnu.edu.cn; School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , No.19, Xinjiekouwai St., Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China ; yuanhb@bnu.edu.cn; School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , No.19, Xinjiekouwai St., Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of ChinaTianjin Astrophysics Center, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China ; yuanhb@bnu.edu.cn; School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , No.19, Xinjiekouwai St., Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China ; yuanhb@bnu.edu.cn; School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , No.19, Xinjiekouwai St., Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of ChinaThe vertical metallicity gradient of the Galactic disk offers valuable insights into the disk’s formation and chemical evolution over time. We utilized the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope low-resolution spectral young stellar sample to investigate this gradient and found that it approaches zero as stellar effective temperature (or age) increases (or decreases) across various Galactocentric distances. To validate this result, we analyzed 295 open clusters younger than 3 Gyr and 976 classical cepheids within the Galactic disk. The findings confirmed that, within a given narrow age range, the vertical metallicity gradient is effectively zero. This relationship between metallicity and age supports the “upside-down” disk formation theory, as it indicates that the youngest and most metal-rich stars dominate the midplane, while older and more metal-poor stars formed at larger vertical heights and currently tend to be at these heights. Overall, our results align well with theoretical predictions, offering further insight into the chemical evolution and structural properties of the Milky Way.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adbf93Galaxy disksGalaxy structureGalaxy formationGalaxy evolutionMetallicityGalaxy abundances
spellingShingle Gaohuan Long
Haibo Yuan
Shuai Xu
Chun Wang
Ruoyi Zhang
Bowen Huang
The Vertical Metallicity Gradient of the Galactic Disk for Mono-age Stellar Populations in LAMOST
The Astrophysical Journal
Galaxy disks
Galaxy structure
Galaxy formation
Galaxy evolution
Metallicity
Galaxy abundances
title The Vertical Metallicity Gradient of the Galactic Disk for Mono-age Stellar Populations in LAMOST
title_full The Vertical Metallicity Gradient of the Galactic Disk for Mono-age Stellar Populations in LAMOST
title_fullStr The Vertical Metallicity Gradient of the Galactic Disk for Mono-age Stellar Populations in LAMOST
title_full_unstemmed The Vertical Metallicity Gradient of the Galactic Disk for Mono-age Stellar Populations in LAMOST
title_short The Vertical Metallicity Gradient of the Galactic Disk for Mono-age Stellar Populations in LAMOST
title_sort vertical metallicity gradient of the galactic disk for mono age stellar populations in lamost
topic Galaxy disks
Galaxy structure
Galaxy formation
Galaxy evolution
Metallicity
Galaxy abundances
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adbf93
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