Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide™ ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
IntroductionSea lice are crustacean ectoparasites affecting Atlantic salmon production worldwide and impediments to industry growth. Chemical treatment has been the method of choice to control infestation with increasing resistance. Vaccination is an environmentally friendly alternative for sea lice...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1570948/full |
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| author | Alianet Rodríguez Koestan Gadan Lincidio Pérez Øystein Evensen Mario Pablo Estrada Yamila Carpio |
| author_facet | Alianet Rodríguez Koestan Gadan Lincidio Pérez Øystein Evensen Mario Pablo Estrada Yamila Carpio |
| author_sort | Alianet Rodríguez |
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| description | IntroductionSea lice are crustacean ectoparasites affecting Atlantic salmon production worldwide and impediments to industry growth. Chemical treatment has been the method of choice to control infestation with increasing resistance. Vaccination is an environmentally friendly alternative for sea lice control; however, obtaining high levels of lice reduction through active immunization has proven difficult. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of two sea lice vaccine prototypes under laboratory-controlled conditions.MethodsTherein, fish were vaccinated with two chimeric antigens, TT-P0 or P0-my32, using oil-adjuvanted vaccine formulations and a prime-boost vaccination protocol. Fish were experimentally challenged with copepodids at 2, 5, and 11 months post-prime vaccination.Results and discussionTT-P0 vaccinated fish had a significantly lower lice number at all three challenges, 88, 90, and 20%, respectively, compared to controls. The P0-my32 vaccine gave high protection at early time points post-vaccination, with 91 and 75.4% reduction at 3 and 6 months, respectively, fading off at 12 months (4.2% reduction vs. control). The TT-P0 group had a significantly lower lice number than controls at the 11-month challenge. A higher degree of protection coincided with higher circulating antibody levels against homologous antigens. This proof of concept study encourage the use of vaccination as a tool to reduce the lice burden in salmon, and preclinical and clinical testing at a large scale is needed to document the level of protection attained under field conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-def9ffb6bd5243e89da522310ecbca39 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-def9ffb6bd5243e89da522310ecbca392025-08-20T02:33:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15709481570948Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide™ ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)Alianet Rodríguez0Koestan Gadan1Lincidio Pérez2Øystein Evensen3Mario Pablo Estrada4Yamila Carpio5Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, CubaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sea lice Research Centre, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, NorwayAnimal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, CubaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sea lice Research Centre, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, NorwayAnimal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, CubaAnimal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, CubaIntroductionSea lice are crustacean ectoparasites affecting Atlantic salmon production worldwide and impediments to industry growth. Chemical treatment has been the method of choice to control infestation with increasing resistance. Vaccination is an environmentally friendly alternative for sea lice control; however, obtaining high levels of lice reduction through active immunization has proven difficult. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of two sea lice vaccine prototypes under laboratory-controlled conditions.MethodsTherein, fish were vaccinated with two chimeric antigens, TT-P0 or P0-my32, using oil-adjuvanted vaccine formulations and a prime-boost vaccination protocol. Fish were experimentally challenged with copepodids at 2, 5, and 11 months post-prime vaccination.Results and discussionTT-P0 vaccinated fish had a significantly lower lice number at all three challenges, 88, 90, and 20%, respectively, compared to controls. The P0-my32 vaccine gave high protection at early time points post-vaccination, with 91 and 75.4% reduction at 3 and 6 months, respectively, fading off at 12 months (4.2% reduction vs. control). The TT-P0 group had a significantly lower lice number than controls at the 11-month challenge. A higher degree of protection coincided with higher circulating antibody levels against homologous antigens. This proof of concept study encourage the use of vaccination as a tool to reduce the lice burden in salmon, and preclinical and clinical testing at a large scale is needed to document the level of protection attained under field conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1570948/fullchimeric antigensLepeophtheirus salmonisprime-boostsalmonvaccines |
| spellingShingle | Alianet Rodríguez Koestan Gadan Lincidio Pérez Øystein Evensen Mario Pablo Estrada Yamila Carpio Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide™ ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) Frontiers in Immunology chimeric antigens Lepeophtheirus salmonis prime-boost salmon vaccines |
| title | Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide™ ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
| title_full | Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide™ ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
| title_fullStr | Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide™ ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide™ ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
| title_short | Prime-boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in Montanide™ ISA50 V2 confers protection against experimental Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) |
| title_sort | prime boost vaccination with chimeric antigens adjuvanted in montanide™ isa50 v2 confers protection against experimental lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in atlantic salmon salmo salar l |
| topic | chimeric antigens Lepeophtheirus salmonis prime-boost salmon vaccines |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1570948/full |
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