Intraspecific Genetic Variability of <i>Brassica cretica</i> Lam. (Brassicaceae) Using SSR Markers

Unraveling the evolutionary history of <i>Brassica</i> L. crops and their wild relatives remains a key challenge in plant evolutionary biology. <i>Brassica cretica</i> is considered the closest living relative of the cultivated <i>B. oleracea.</i> It is mainly dis...

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Main Authors: Efthalia Stathi, Evangelia V. Avramidou, Panayiotis Trigas, Anastasios Katsileros, Ioannis Karavidas, Theodora Ntanasi, Georgia Ntatsi, Penelope J. Bebeli, Eleni Tani
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1201
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author Efthalia Stathi
Evangelia V. Avramidou
Panayiotis Trigas
Anastasios Katsileros
Ioannis Karavidas
Theodora Ntanasi
Georgia Ntatsi
Penelope J. Bebeli
Eleni Tani
author_facet Efthalia Stathi
Evangelia V. Avramidou
Panayiotis Trigas
Anastasios Katsileros
Ioannis Karavidas
Theodora Ntanasi
Georgia Ntatsi
Penelope J. Bebeli
Eleni Tani
author_sort Efthalia Stathi
collection DOAJ
description Unraveling the evolutionary history of <i>Brassica</i> L. crops and their wild relatives remains a key challenge in plant evolutionary biology. <i>Brassica cretica</i> is considered the closest living relative of the cultivated <i>B. oleracea.</i> It is mainly distributed in the Aegean Islands and the neighboring mainland regions of Greece and Anatolia, and exhibits extensive phenotypic variability, obscuring its infraspecific classification. In this study, we analyzed five Greek populations of <i>B. cretica</i> and one <i>B. oleracea</i> botanical variety using SSR markers to assess genetic diversity and differentiation. High genetic diversity was detected within natural populations, with a mean of 21.9 alleles per locus and an expected heterozygosity of 0.647. Significant genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.812) revealed the presence of four distinct gene pools, partly supporting the current infraspecific classification of <i>B. cretica</i>. The cultivated plants cluster closely with <i>B. cretica</i> subsp. <i>cretica</i>, supporting the hypothesis of an Eastern Mediterranean origin. Our findings suggest that <i>B. cretica</i> subsp. <i>cretica</i> may have been introduced to suitable habitats or that cultivated plants may have reverted to a feral state in the Peloponnese, given the genetic similarity between populations from Crete and northern Peloponnese. The identified genetic diversity underscores the importance of <i>B. cretica</i> as a genetic resource for breeding programs and highlights the need for conservation, particularly for populations exhibited unique genetic traits.
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spelling doaj-art-def482ced82c40738655f694983f3ba22025-08-20T01:57:04ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-05-01155120110.3390/agronomy15051201Intraspecific Genetic Variability of <i>Brassica cretica</i> Lam. (Brassicaceae) Using SSR MarkersEfthalia Stathi0Evangelia V. Avramidou1Panayiotis Trigas2Anastasios Katsileros3Ioannis Karavidas4Theodora Ntanasi5Georgia Ntatsi6Penelope J. Bebeli7Eleni Tani8Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “ELGO-DIMITRA”, Terma Alkmanos, Ilisia, 11528 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Systematic Botany, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceUnraveling the evolutionary history of <i>Brassica</i> L. crops and their wild relatives remains a key challenge in plant evolutionary biology. <i>Brassica cretica</i> is considered the closest living relative of the cultivated <i>B. oleracea.</i> It is mainly distributed in the Aegean Islands and the neighboring mainland regions of Greece and Anatolia, and exhibits extensive phenotypic variability, obscuring its infraspecific classification. In this study, we analyzed five Greek populations of <i>B. cretica</i> and one <i>B. oleracea</i> botanical variety using SSR markers to assess genetic diversity and differentiation. High genetic diversity was detected within natural populations, with a mean of 21.9 alleles per locus and an expected heterozygosity of 0.647. Significant genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.812) revealed the presence of four distinct gene pools, partly supporting the current infraspecific classification of <i>B. cretica</i>. The cultivated plants cluster closely with <i>B. cretica</i> subsp. <i>cretica</i>, supporting the hypothesis of an Eastern Mediterranean origin. Our findings suggest that <i>B. cretica</i> subsp. <i>cretica</i> may have been introduced to suitable habitats or that cultivated plants may have reverted to a feral state in the Peloponnese, given the genetic similarity between populations from Crete and northern Peloponnese. The identified genetic diversity underscores the importance of <i>B. cretica</i> as a genetic resource for breeding programs and highlights the need for conservation, particularly for populations exhibited unique genetic traits.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1201crop wild relativesgenetic fingerprintingmicrosatellitestaxonomy
spellingShingle Efthalia Stathi
Evangelia V. Avramidou
Panayiotis Trigas
Anastasios Katsileros
Ioannis Karavidas
Theodora Ntanasi
Georgia Ntatsi
Penelope J. Bebeli
Eleni Tani
Intraspecific Genetic Variability of <i>Brassica cretica</i> Lam. (Brassicaceae) Using SSR Markers
Agronomy
crop wild relatives
genetic fingerprinting
microsatellites
taxonomy
title Intraspecific Genetic Variability of <i>Brassica cretica</i> Lam. (Brassicaceae) Using SSR Markers
title_full Intraspecific Genetic Variability of <i>Brassica cretica</i> Lam. (Brassicaceae) Using SSR Markers
title_fullStr Intraspecific Genetic Variability of <i>Brassica cretica</i> Lam. (Brassicaceae) Using SSR Markers
title_full_unstemmed Intraspecific Genetic Variability of <i>Brassica cretica</i> Lam. (Brassicaceae) Using SSR Markers
title_short Intraspecific Genetic Variability of <i>Brassica cretica</i> Lam. (Brassicaceae) Using SSR Markers
title_sort intraspecific genetic variability of i brassica cretica i lam brassicaceae using ssr markers
topic crop wild relatives
genetic fingerprinting
microsatellites
taxonomy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1201
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