Association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle-aged population: a retrospective cross-sectional study

BackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Compared with traditional clinical risk factors for CVD, CRF can better predict health status and possible adverse events. However, few studies have reported the association between multiple me...

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Main Authors: Chengshuo Wang, Nan Yang, Qin Zhang, Ying Li, Linli Zhang, Zejian Liu, Ruoxuan Zhao, Jingman Qi, Aomeng Xiang, Yanxin Fu, Zheyu Xiong, Liang Wu, Jie Sun, Dan Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1489152/full
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author Chengshuo Wang
Chengshuo Wang
Nan Yang
Qin Zhang
Ying Li
Linli Zhang
Zejian Liu
Ruoxuan Zhao
Ruoxuan Zhao
Jingman Qi
Jingman Qi
Aomeng Xiang
Aomeng Xiang
Yanxin Fu
Yanxin Fu
Zheyu Xiong
Liang Wu
Jie Sun
Dan Huang
author_facet Chengshuo Wang
Chengshuo Wang
Nan Yang
Qin Zhang
Ying Li
Linli Zhang
Zejian Liu
Ruoxuan Zhao
Ruoxuan Zhao
Jingman Qi
Jingman Qi
Aomeng Xiang
Aomeng Xiang
Yanxin Fu
Yanxin Fu
Zheyu Xiong
Liang Wu
Jie Sun
Dan Huang
author_sort Chengshuo Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Compared with traditional clinical risk factors for CVD, CRF can better predict health status and possible adverse events. However, few studies have reported the association between multiple metabolic health indicators and CRF as an indicator of CVD risk. Therefore, this study aims to further understand the association between metabolic health indicators and CRF and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the early prevention strategies of CVD in the urban young and middle-aged population.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 889 young and middle-aged urban people who underwent health examinations in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Baseline measurements of physical examination, biochemical examination, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were obtained. The association between metabolic health indicators and CRF was analyzed. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between each metabolic health indicator and CRF and determine which metabolic health indicators may serve as useful predictors for assessing CRF.ResultsWe investigated the association between metabolic health indicators and CRF by adjusting for covariates (age, smoking status, and drinking status) associated with CRF. In multiple linear regression analysis, waist circumference (WC) (β = −0.196, P = 0.010), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β = −0.143, P < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = −0.125, P = 0.005) were significantly associated with VO2peak in young and middle-aged urban men. WC (β = −0.577, P < 0.001) and FPG (β = −0.167, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with VO2peak in young and middle-aged urban women. In addition, WC (men: β = −0.238, P = 0.003; women: β = −0.410, P < 0.001) and FPG (men: β = −0.147, P < 0.001; women: β = −0.123, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with AT in men and women.ConclusionOur results showed that WC and FPG were significantly associated with CRF in young and middle-aged urban men and women. This suggests that WC and FPG may serve as useful predictors for assessing CRF within this population.
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spelling doaj-art-deeec8b896824d058506dbb4d6b1afa02025-08-20T01:54:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-05-011610.3389/fendo.2025.14891521489152Association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle-aged population: a retrospective cross-sectional studyChengshuo Wang0Chengshuo Wang1Nan Yang2Qin Zhang3Ying Li4Linli Zhang5Zejian Liu6Ruoxuan Zhao7Ruoxuan Zhao8Jingman Qi9Jingman Qi10Aomeng Xiang11Aomeng Xiang12Yanxin Fu13Yanxin Fu14Zheyu Xiong15Liang Wu16Jie Sun17Dan Huang18Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Compared with traditional clinical risk factors for CVD, CRF can better predict health status and possible adverse events. However, few studies have reported the association between multiple metabolic health indicators and CRF as an indicator of CVD risk. Therefore, this study aims to further understand the association between metabolic health indicators and CRF and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the early prevention strategies of CVD in the urban young and middle-aged population.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 889 young and middle-aged urban people who underwent health examinations in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Baseline measurements of physical examination, biochemical examination, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were obtained. The association between metabolic health indicators and CRF was analyzed. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between each metabolic health indicator and CRF and determine which metabolic health indicators may serve as useful predictors for assessing CRF.ResultsWe investigated the association between metabolic health indicators and CRF by adjusting for covariates (age, smoking status, and drinking status) associated with CRF. In multiple linear regression analysis, waist circumference (WC) (β = −0.196, P = 0.010), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β = −0.143, P < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = −0.125, P = 0.005) were significantly associated with VO2peak in young and middle-aged urban men. WC (β = −0.577, P < 0.001) and FPG (β = −0.167, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with VO2peak in young and middle-aged urban women. In addition, WC (men: β = −0.238, P = 0.003; women: β = −0.410, P < 0.001) and FPG (men: β = −0.147, P < 0.001; women: β = −0.123, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with AT in men and women.ConclusionOur results showed that WC and FPG were significantly associated with CRF in young and middle-aged urban men and women. This suggests that WC and FPG may serve as useful predictors for assessing CRF within this population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1489152/fullcardiorespiratory fitnesscardiopulmonary exercise testingmetabolic health indicatorsurban populationcross-sectional study
spellingShingle Chengshuo Wang
Chengshuo Wang
Nan Yang
Qin Zhang
Ying Li
Linli Zhang
Zejian Liu
Ruoxuan Zhao
Ruoxuan Zhao
Jingman Qi
Jingman Qi
Aomeng Xiang
Aomeng Xiang
Yanxin Fu
Yanxin Fu
Zheyu Xiong
Liang Wu
Jie Sun
Dan Huang
Association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle-aged population: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Frontiers in Endocrinology
cardiorespiratory fitness
cardiopulmonary exercise testing
metabolic health indicators
urban population
cross-sectional study
title Association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle-aged population: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_full Association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle-aged population: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle-aged population: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle-aged population: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_short Association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle-aged population: a retrospective cross-sectional study
title_sort association between metabolic health indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness in urban young and middle aged population a retrospective cross sectional study
topic cardiorespiratory fitness
cardiopulmonary exercise testing
metabolic health indicators
urban population
cross-sectional study
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1489152/full
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