Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Regulation: A Review
Background: The immune system must carefully balance fighting pathogens with minimization of inflammation and avoidance of autoimmune responses. Over the past ten years, researchers have extensively studied the mechanisms regulating this delicate balance. Comprehending these mechanisms is essential...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/4/283 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850081893338316800 |
|---|---|
| author | Borros Arneth |
| author_facet | Borros Arneth |
| author_sort | Borros Arneth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The immune system must carefully balance fighting pathogens with minimization of inflammation and avoidance of autoimmune responses. Over the past ten years, researchers have extensively studied the mechanisms regulating this delicate balance. Comprehending these mechanisms is essential for developing treatments for inflammatory conditions. Aim: This review aims to synthesize knowledge of immunoregulatory processes published from 2014–2024 and to highlight discoveries that provide fresh perspectives on this complex balance. Methods: The keywords “molecular mechanisms”, “immune regulation”, “immune signaling pathways”, and “immune homeostasis” were used to search PubMed for articles published between 2014 and 2024, with a preference for articles published in the past three years. Results: Recent research has pinpointed the impact of factors such as cytokine signaling, T-cell regulation, epigenetic regulation, and immunometabolism on immune function. Discussion: New research highlights the intricate interactions between the immune system and other molecular elements. A key area of interest is the impact of non-coding RNAs and metabolic pathways on the regulation of immune responses. Conclusions: Exploring the mechanisms by which the immune system is regulated will provide new avenues for developing treatments to address autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-deeac695466b448ea0a150e449abd0df |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-deeac695466b448ea0a150e449abd0df2025-08-20T02:44:38ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-02-0114428310.3390/cells14040283Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Regulation: A ReviewBorros Arneth0Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg UKGM, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerst 1, 35043 Marburg, GermanyBackground: The immune system must carefully balance fighting pathogens with minimization of inflammation and avoidance of autoimmune responses. Over the past ten years, researchers have extensively studied the mechanisms regulating this delicate balance. Comprehending these mechanisms is essential for developing treatments for inflammatory conditions. Aim: This review aims to synthesize knowledge of immunoregulatory processes published from 2014–2024 and to highlight discoveries that provide fresh perspectives on this complex balance. Methods: The keywords “molecular mechanisms”, “immune regulation”, “immune signaling pathways”, and “immune homeostasis” were used to search PubMed for articles published between 2014 and 2024, with a preference for articles published in the past three years. Results: Recent research has pinpointed the impact of factors such as cytokine signaling, T-cell regulation, epigenetic regulation, and immunometabolism on immune function. Discussion: New research highlights the intricate interactions between the immune system and other molecular elements. A key area of interest is the impact of non-coding RNAs and metabolic pathways on the regulation of immune responses. Conclusions: Exploring the mechanisms by which the immune system is regulated will provide new avenues for developing treatments to address autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/4/283immune checkpointscytokine signalingepigenetic modificationsnon-coding RNAsregulatory T cells (Tregs) |
| spellingShingle | Borros Arneth Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Regulation: A Review Cells immune checkpoints cytokine signaling epigenetic modifications non-coding RNAs regulatory T cells (Tregs) |
| title | Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Regulation: A Review |
| title_full | Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Regulation: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Regulation: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Regulation: A Review |
| title_short | Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Regulation: A Review |
| title_sort | molecular mechanisms of immune regulation a review |
| topic | immune checkpoints cytokine signaling epigenetic modifications non-coding RNAs regulatory T cells (Tregs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/4/283 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT borrosarneth molecularmechanismsofimmuneregulationareview |