Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods

Comprehensive Design, Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Forming Type IV Wind Turbine Generators Using State-Space Methods

Grid-forming (GFM) control has emerged as a promising solution to the challenges posed by the increasing reliance on inverter-based resources (IBRs). However, unlike in a battery-based IBR, the implementation of GFM in wind turbine generators (WTGs) introduces challenges due to multiple machine-side...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Harith E. Udawatte, Mohammad H. Ravanji, Behrooz Bahrani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Grid forming
small-signal stability
state-space modeling
virtual synchronous generator
wind energy
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11010863/
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Summary:Grid-forming (GFM) control has emerged as a promising solution to the challenges posed by the increasing reliance on inverter-based resources (IBRs). However, unlike in a battery-based IBR, the implementation of GFM in wind turbine generators (WTGs) introduces challenges due to multiple machine-side converter (MSC) and grid-side converter (GSC) interactions. In this work, a GFM-WTG control structure is adopted in which the MSC primarily regulates the DC-link voltage, while the GSC emulates grid-forming behavior using virtual synchronous generator principles. Accordingly, this paper presents a practical control implementation scheme and a systematic small-signal modeling framework for GFM WTGs using the component connection method, enabling a unified state-space representation that captures key electromechanical, aerodynamic and control interactions inside the GFM-WTG system. The proposed model is validated through electromagnetic transient simulations, and eigenvalue and participation factor analyses reveal strong MSC-GSC inter-dependencies. Sensitivity analysis further confirms model accuracy across varying operating conditions. Additionally, a reduced-order model is derived to balance computational efficiency with dynamic fidelity. The findings provide a robust foundation for stability analysis and control tuning of GFM WTGs, supporting their reliable integration into future power grids.
ISSN:2169-3536

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