Plant Protection Products to Control Alternaria Brown Spot Caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in Citrus: A Systematic Review
Alternaria Brown Spot (ABS) is one of the most critical diseases affecting susceptible mandarins worldwide, being a limiting factor in their cultivation. Although there are numerous reports on effective plant protection products against the disease, field control is failing. In the literature, some...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1343 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850157846866427904 |
|---|---|
| author | Alfonso Garmendia María Ferriol Roberto Beltrán Francisco García-Breijo María Dolores Raigón María Del Carmen Parra Hugo Merle |
| author_facet | Alfonso Garmendia María Ferriol Roberto Beltrán Francisco García-Breijo María Dolores Raigón María Del Carmen Parra Hugo Merle |
| author_sort | Alfonso Garmendia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alternaria Brown Spot (ABS) is one of the most critical diseases affecting susceptible mandarins worldwide, being a limiting factor in their cultivation. Although there are numerous reports on effective plant protection products against the disease, field control is failing. In the literature, some of the results are contradictory, depending on the study and experimental scale. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyze the empirical evidence to answer the following questions: (i) What plant protection products have been used to control ABS? (ii) What are the methodologies used to test the substances? (iii) Why is ABS field control failing? An extensive literature search was performed in five databases: WoS, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciELO. The search string used was “<i>Alternaria alternata</i>” AND “Citrus”. Records were classified into ten groups according to their main topic. Group 3 “microorganisms and natural substances” and group 4 “fungicides” were full-text reviewed for data extraction (98 reports). Details of the microorganisms, natural substances, and fungicides used against <i>A. alternata</i>, as well as summaries of the methodologies, are provided. During this research, we highlighted significant aspects that may be hindering the control of <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in citrus: long periods of fruit sensitivity, abundance and floatability of inoculum, rapid infections, the appearance of resistance to fungicides, moderate effectiveness inhibiting the germination of conidia, uncertainty about the times of application, and persistence of the products. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ded1313516144766aacfdda4e802fe34 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-ded1313516144766aacfdda4e802fe342025-08-20T02:24:03ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-05-01156134310.3390/agronomy15061343Plant Protection Products to Control Alternaria Brown Spot Caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in Citrus: A Systematic ReviewAlfonso Garmendia0María Ferriol1Roberto Beltrán2Francisco García-Breijo3María Dolores Raigón4María Del Carmen Parra5Hugo Merle6Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, SpainAlternaria Brown Spot (ABS) is one of the most critical diseases affecting susceptible mandarins worldwide, being a limiting factor in their cultivation. Although there are numerous reports on effective plant protection products against the disease, field control is failing. In the literature, some of the results are contradictory, depending on the study and experimental scale. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyze the empirical evidence to answer the following questions: (i) What plant protection products have been used to control ABS? (ii) What are the methodologies used to test the substances? (iii) Why is ABS field control failing? An extensive literature search was performed in five databases: WoS, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciELO. The search string used was “<i>Alternaria alternata</i>” AND “Citrus”. Records were classified into ten groups according to their main topic. Group 3 “microorganisms and natural substances” and group 4 “fungicides” were full-text reviewed for data extraction (98 reports). Details of the microorganisms, natural substances, and fungicides used against <i>A. alternata</i>, as well as summaries of the methodologies, are provided. During this research, we highlighted significant aspects that may be hindering the control of <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in citrus: long periods of fruit sensitivity, abundance and floatability of inoculum, rapid infections, the appearance of resistance to fungicides, moderate effectiveness inhibiting the germination of conidia, uncertainty about the times of application, and persistence of the products.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1343fungicidesnatural substancestangerinesNovaLeanri field controlPRISMA |
| spellingShingle | Alfonso Garmendia María Ferriol Roberto Beltrán Francisco García-Breijo María Dolores Raigón María Del Carmen Parra Hugo Merle Plant Protection Products to Control Alternaria Brown Spot Caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in Citrus: A Systematic Review Agronomy fungicides natural substances tangerines Nova Leanri field control PRISMA |
| title | Plant Protection Products to Control Alternaria Brown Spot Caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in Citrus: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Plant Protection Products to Control Alternaria Brown Spot Caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in Citrus: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Plant Protection Products to Control Alternaria Brown Spot Caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in Citrus: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant Protection Products to Control Alternaria Brown Spot Caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in Citrus: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Plant Protection Products to Control Alternaria Brown Spot Caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in Citrus: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | plant protection products to control alternaria brown spot caused by i alternaria alternata i in citrus a systematic review |
| topic | fungicides natural substances tangerines Nova Leanri field control PRISMA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1343 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alfonsogarmendia plantprotectionproductstocontrolalternariabrownspotcausedbyialternariaalternataiincitrusasystematicreview AT mariaferriol plantprotectionproductstocontrolalternariabrownspotcausedbyialternariaalternataiincitrusasystematicreview AT robertobeltran plantprotectionproductstocontrolalternariabrownspotcausedbyialternariaalternataiincitrusasystematicreview AT franciscogarciabreijo plantprotectionproductstocontrolalternariabrownspotcausedbyialternariaalternataiincitrusasystematicreview AT mariadoloresraigon plantprotectionproductstocontrolalternariabrownspotcausedbyialternariaalternataiincitrusasystematicreview AT mariadelcarmenparra plantprotectionproductstocontrolalternariabrownspotcausedbyialternariaalternataiincitrusasystematicreview AT hugomerle plantprotectionproductstocontrolalternariabrownspotcausedbyialternariaalternataiincitrusasystematicreview |