Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods, with promising applications in agriculture. However, the phytotoxicity of such nanoparticles (NPs), particularly silver (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), remains poorly understood. This study...
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| Language: | English |
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Farm to Fork Foundation
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Fundamental and Applied Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=265943 |
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| author | A.h.m. Maniruzzaman Rabbani Syeda Nyema Jannat Md. Shahed Al Shishir Md. Shaheen Alam Atiqur Rahman Md. Shohidul Alam |
| author_facet | A.h.m. Maniruzzaman Rabbani Syeda Nyema Jannat Md. Shahed Al Shishir Md. Shaheen Alam Atiqur Rahman Md. Shohidul Alam |
| author_sort | A.h.m. Maniruzzaman Rabbani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods, with promising applications in agriculture. However, the phytotoxicity of such nanoparticles (NPs), particularly silver (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), remains poorly understood.
This study investigates the green synthesis, characterization, and biological effects of Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs using aqueous leaf extracts of Cassia fistula, a plant rich in phytochemicals. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed successful synthesis, revealing characteristic peaks at 479 nm (Ag-NPs) and 241 nm (ZnO-NPs). Energy band gaps were calculated as 2.34 eV for Ag-NPs and 4.13 eV for ZnO-NPs.
To assess biocompatibility and phytotoxicity, the nanoparticles were tested on seed germination, root and shoot growth, and biomass accumulation in five crop species: Oryza sativa (rice), Brassica napus (canola), Raphanus sativus (radish), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach). Both NPs showed concentration-dependent effects: low to moderate doses enhanced germination and seedling vigor, whereas higher doses delayed germination and reduced growth. Ag-NPs were generally more phytotoxic, particularly inhibiting root elongation. ZnO-NPs exhibited a biphasic response—stimulatory at lower concentrations, inhibitory at higher levels. Seedling biomass decreased with increasing NP concentration, with Ag-NPs causing more severe reductions.
These findings highlight that while green-synthesized nanoparticles hold agricultural potential, their use must be carefully optimized to avoid phytotoxic effects. The Cassia fistula-mediated synthesis presents a sustainable, biocompatible route for generating functional nanoparticles capable of influencing early plant development. [Fundam Appl Agric 2025; 10(1.000): 333-349] |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-decc34e7f1f04e0b8a984337eeb467ef |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2518-2021 2415-4474 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Farm to Fork Foundation |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fundamental and Applied Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-decc34e7f1f04e0b8a984337eeb467ef2025-08-20T03:24:16ZengFarm to Fork FoundationFundamental and Applied Agriculture2518-20212415-44742025-03-0110133334910.5455/faa.265943265943Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant DevelopmentA.h.m. Maniruzzaman Rabbani0Syeda Nyema Jannat1Md. Shahed Al Shishir2Md. Shaheen Alam3Atiqur Rahman4Md. Shohidul Alam5Department of Agricultural Chemistry Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.Department of Agricultural Chemistry Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.Department of Agricultural Chemistry Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.Department of Agricultural Chemistry Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.Department of Agricultural Chemistry Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.Department of Agricultural Chemistry Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods, with promising applications in agriculture. However, the phytotoxicity of such nanoparticles (NPs), particularly silver (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), remains poorly understood. This study investigates the green synthesis, characterization, and biological effects of Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs using aqueous leaf extracts of Cassia fistula, a plant rich in phytochemicals. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed successful synthesis, revealing characteristic peaks at 479 nm (Ag-NPs) and 241 nm (ZnO-NPs). Energy band gaps were calculated as 2.34 eV for Ag-NPs and 4.13 eV for ZnO-NPs. To assess biocompatibility and phytotoxicity, the nanoparticles were tested on seed germination, root and shoot growth, and biomass accumulation in five crop species: Oryza sativa (rice), Brassica napus (canola), Raphanus sativus (radish), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach). Both NPs showed concentration-dependent effects: low to moderate doses enhanced germination and seedling vigor, whereas higher doses delayed germination and reduced growth. Ag-NPs were generally more phytotoxic, particularly inhibiting root elongation. ZnO-NPs exhibited a biphasic response—stimulatory at lower concentrations, inhibitory at higher levels. Seedling biomass decreased with increasing NP concentration, with Ag-NPs causing more severe reductions. These findings highlight that while green-synthesized nanoparticles hold agricultural potential, their use must be carefully optimized to avoid phytotoxic effects. The Cassia fistula-mediated synthesis presents a sustainable, biocompatible route for generating functional nanoparticles capable of influencing early plant development. [Fundam Appl Agric 2025; 10(1.000): 333-349]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=265943green synthesiscassia fistulasilver nanoparticleszinc oxide nanoparticlesseed germinationearly plant development |
| spellingShingle | A.h.m. Maniruzzaman Rabbani Syeda Nyema Jannat Md. Shahed Al Shishir Md. Shaheen Alam Atiqur Rahman Md. Shohidul Alam Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development Fundamental and Applied Agriculture green synthesis cassia fistula silver nanoparticles zinc oxide nanoparticles seed germination early plant development |
| title | Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development |
| title_full | Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development |
| title_fullStr | Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development |
| title_short | Green-Synthesized Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles using Cassia fistula Leaf Extract: Biocompatibility and Growth Response in Early Plant Development |
| title_sort | green synthesized ag and zno nanoparticles using cassia fistula leaf extract biocompatibility and growth response in early plant development |
| topic | green synthesis cassia fistula silver nanoparticles zinc oxide nanoparticles seed germination early plant development |
| url | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=265943 |
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