A Design of an Engine Speed Measurement System Based on Cigarette Lighter Signal Analysis in Vehicles
This study proposes a non-contact engine speed measurement system using vehicle electrical characterization to address the limitations of traditional contact-type methods and optical methods. The developed system collects coupled AC signals through a cigarette lighter interface and extracts the AC f...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5387 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849711592462090240 |
|---|---|
| author | Xuelian Li Xuanze Wang Jinping Yin Da Liu Zhongsheng Zhai |
| author_facet | Xuelian Li Xuanze Wang Jinping Yin Da Liu Zhongsheng Zhai |
| author_sort | Xuelian Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study proposes a non-contact engine speed measurement system using vehicle electrical characterization to address the limitations of traditional contact-type methods and optical methods. The developed system collects coupled AC signals through a cigarette lighter interface and extracts the AC features for frequency analysis through a signal conditioning circuit. The system employs a hybrid algorithm combining Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and phase difference compensation to estimate the coarse frequency in the 1-second FFT analysis via sinusoidal least squares fitting and phase difference calculation. The STM32F4-based hardware integrates dual-channel acquisition and adaptive signal conditioning. The experimental results demonstrate high measurement accuracy with errors below 0.4%, real-time performance (1 Hz update rate), and operational portability. Validation tests show a 33-fold improvement in accuracy over the pure FFT method under transient conditions. Key innovations include (1) phase-difference-enhanced frequency resolution (0.1% error), and (2) optimized computational efficiency for embedded deployments. The system’s portability and robustness make it suitable for on-site diagnostics, meeting the automotive industry’s need for non-intrusive, high-precision speed measurements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-debb0e7d38cc443fa89739cf47ac57b1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-debb0e7d38cc443fa89739cf47ac57b12025-08-20T03:14:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011510538710.3390/app15105387A Design of an Engine Speed Measurement System Based on Cigarette Lighter Signal Analysis in VehiclesXuelian Li0Xuanze Wang1Jinping Yin2Da Liu3Zhongsheng Zhai4School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, ChinaThis study proposes a non-contact engine speed measurement system using vehicle electrical characterization to address the limitations of traditional contact-type methods and optical methods. The developed system collects coupled AC signals through a cigarette lighter interface and extracts the AC features for frequency analysis through a signal conditioning circuit. The system employs a hybrid algorithm combining Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and phase difference compensation to estimate the coarse frequency in the 1-second FFT analysis via sinusoidal least squares fitting and phase difference calculation. The STM32F4-based hardware integrates dual-channel acquisition and adaptive signal conditioning. The experimental results demonstrate high measurement accuracy with errors below 0.4%, real-time performance (1 Hz update rate), and operational portability. Validation tests show a 33-fold improvement in accuracy over the pure FFT method under transient conditions. Key innovations include (1) phase-difference-enhanced frequency resolution (0.1% error), and (2) optimized computational efficiency for embedded deployments. The system’s portability and robustness make it suitable for on-site diagnostics, meeting the automotive industry’s need for non-intrusive, high-precision speed measurements.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5387engine rotation speedspectral analysisphase-difference compensation algorithmsinusoidal least-squares fitting |
| spellingShingle | Xuelian Li Xuanze Wang Jinping Yin Da Liu Zhongsheng Zhai A Design of an Engine Speed Measurement System Based on Cigarette Lighter Signal Analysis in Vehicles Applied Sciences engine rotation speed spectral analysis phase-difference compensation algorithm sinusoidal least-squares fitting |
| title | A Design of an Engine Speed Measurement System Based on Cigarette Lighter Signal Analysis in Vehicles |
| title_full | A Design of an Engine Speed Measurement System Based on Cigarette Lighter Signal Analysis in Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | A Design of an Engine Speed Measurement System Based on Cigarette Lighter Signal Analysis in Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Design of an Engine Speed Measurement System Based on Cigarette Lighter Signal Analysis in Vehicles |
| title_short | A Design of an Engine Speed Measurement System Based on Cigarette Lighter Signal Analysis in Vehicles |
| title_sort | design of an engine speed measurement system based on cigarette lighter signal analysis in vehicles |
| topic | engine rotation speed spectral analysis phase-difference compensation algorithm sinusoidal least-squares fitting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5387 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xuelianli adesignofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT xuanzewang adesignofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT jinpingyin adesignofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT daliu adesignofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT zhongshengzhai adesignofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT xuelianli designofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT xuanzewang designofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT jinpingyin designofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT daliu designofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles AT zhongshengzhai designofanenginespeedmeasurementsystembasedoncigarettelightersignalanalysisinvehicles |