Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders
The growing demand for high-energy, safe, and sustainable lithium-ion batteries has increased interest in nickel-rich cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes. This study presents a scalable wet-processing method for fabricating composite cathodes for all-solid-state batteries. The cathodes st...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | José M. Pinheiro Beatriz Moura Gomes Manuela C. Baptista M. Helena Braga |
| author_facet | José M. Pinheiro Beatriz Moura Gomes Manuela C. Baptista M. Helena Braga |
| author_sort | José M. Pinheiro |
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| description | The growing demand for high-energy, safe, and sustainable lithium-ion batteries has increased interest in nickel-rich cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes. This study presents a scalable wet-processing method for fabricating composite cathodes for all-solid-state batteries. The cathodes studied herein are high-nickel LiNi<sub>0.90</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>Co<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NMC955, the sulfide-based electrolyte Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl, and alternative binders—polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyisobutylene (PIB)—dispersed in toluene, a non-polar solvent compatible with the electrolyte. After fabrication, the cathodes were characterized using SEM/EDX, sheet resistance, and Hall effect measurements. Electrochemical tests were additionally performed in all-solid-state battery half-cells comprising the synthesized cathodes, lithium metal anodes, and Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl as the separator and electrolyte. The results show that both PIB and PVA formulations yielded conductive cathodes with stable microstructures and uniform particle distribution. Electrochemical characterization exposed that the PVA-based cathode outperformed the PIB-based counterpart, achieving the theoretical capacity of 192 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup> even at 1C, whereas the PIB cathode reached a maximum capacity of 145 mAh.g<sup>−1</sup> at C/40. Post-mortem analysis confirmed the structural integrity of the cathodes. These findings demonstrate the viability of NMC955 as a high-capacity cathode material compatible with solid-state systems. |
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| language | English |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-deb54e153d6b4e189e54262abaf2ed322025-08-20T03:36:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-07-013014297410.3390/molecules30142974Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB BindersJosé M. Pinheiro0Beatriz Moura Gomes1Manuela C. Baptista2M. Helena Braga3Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalEngineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalEngineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalEngineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalThe growing demand for high-energy, safe, and sustainable lithium-ion batteries has increased interest in nickel-rich cathode materials and solid-state electrolytes. This study presents a scalable wet-processing method for fabricating composite cathodes for all-solid-state batteries. The cathodes studied herein are high-nickel LiNi<sub>0.90</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>Co<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NMC955, the sulfide-based electrolyte Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl, and alternative binders—polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyisobutylene (PIB)—dispersed in toluene, a non-polar solvent compatible with the electrolyte. After fabrication, the cathodes were characterized using SEM/EDX, sheet resistance, and Hall effect measurements. Electrochemical tests were additionally performed in all-solid-state battery half-cells comprising the synthesized cathodes, lithium metal anodes, and Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl as the separator and electrolyte. The results show that both PIB and PVA formulations yielded conductive cathodes with stable microstructures and uniform particle distribution. Electrochemical characterization exposed that the PVA-based cathode outperformed the PIB-based counterpart, achieving the theoretical capacity of 192 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup> even at 1C, whereas the PIB cathode reached a maximum capacity of 145 mAh.g<sup>−1</sup> at C/40. Post-mortem analysis confirmed the structural integrity of the cathodes. These findings demonstrate the viability of NMC955 as a high-capacity cathode material compatible with solid-state systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/14/2974lithium batterynickel rich cathodepolymer bindersolid-state electrolyte |
| spellingShingle | José M. Pinheiro Beatriz Moura Gomes Manuela C. Baptista M. Helena Braga Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders Molecules lithium battery nickel rich cathode polymer binder solid-state electrolyte |
| title | Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders |
| title_full | Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders |
| title_fullStr | Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders |
| title_short | Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries: Comparative Study Between PVA and PIB Binders |
| title_sort | nickel rich cathodes for solid state lithium batteries comparative study between pva and pib binders |
| topic | lithium battery nickel rich cathode polymer binder solid-state electrolyte |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/14/2974 |
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