A non-invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal data

IntroductionCoronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis currently relies on invasive coronary angiography for stenosis severity assessment, carrying inherent procedural risks. This study develops a transformer-based multimodal prediction model to provide a clinically reliable non-invasive alternative. B...

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Main Authors: Jiyu Zhang, Jiatuo Xu, Liping Tu, Tao Jiang, Yu Wang, Jijie Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1592593/full
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author Jiyu Zhang
Jiatuo Xu
Liping Tu
Tao Jiang
Yu Wang
Jijie Xu
author_facet Jiyu Zhang
Jiatuo Xu
Liping Tu
Tao Jiang
Yu Wang
Jijie Xu
author_sort Jiyu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionCoronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis currently relies on invasive coronary angiography for stenosis severity assessment, carrying inherent procedural risks. This study develops a transformer-based multimodal prediction model to provide a clinically reliable non-invasive alternative. By integrating heterogeneous biomarkers including facial morphometrics, cardiovascular waveforms and biochemical indicators, we aim to establish an interpretable framework for precision risk stratification.MethodsThe study utilized a transformer-based architecture integrated with residual modules and adaptive weighting mechanisms. Multimodal data, including facial features, lip and tongue images, pulse and pressure wave amplitudes, and laboratory indicators, were collected from 488 CAD patients. These data were processed and analyzed to predict the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The model’s performance was evaluated using both internal and external validation datasets.ResultsThe proposed model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, achieving over 90% accuracy in assessing coronary artery stenosis risk on the training dataset. External validation on real-world data further confirmed the model’s robustness, with an accuracy of 85% on the validation set. The integration of multimodal data and advanced architectural components significantly enhanced the model’s performance.ConclusionThis study developed a non-invasive, transformer-based multimodal prediction model for assessing coronary artery stenosis severity. By combining diverse data sources and advanced machine learning techniques, the model offers a clinically viable alternative to invasive diagnostic methods. The results highlight the potential of multimodal data integration in improving CAD diagnosis and patient care.
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spelling doaj-art-deadac0d5dd64decb813d2952cf6a86b2025-08-20T02:01:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-06-011610.3389/fphys.2025.15925931592593A non-invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal dataJiyu Zhang0Jiatuo Xu1Liping Tu2Tao Jiang3Yu Wang4Jijie Xu5College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaIntroductionCoronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis currently relies on invasive coronary angiography for stenosis severity assessment, carrying inherent procedural risks. This study develops a transformer-based multimodal prediction model to provide a clinically reliable non-invasive alternative. By integrating heterogeneous biomarkers including facial morphometrics, cardiovascular waveforms and biochemical indicators, we aim to establish an interpretable framework for precision risk stratification.MethodsThe study utilized a transformer-based architecture integrated with residual modules and adaptive weighting mechanisms. Multimodal data, including facial features, lip and tongue images, pulse and pressure wave amplitudes, and laboratory indicators, were collected from 488 CAD patients. These data were processed and analyzed to predict the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The model’s performance was evaluated using both internal and external validation datasets.ResultsThe proposed model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, achieving over 90% accuracy in assessing coronary artery stenosis risk on the training dataset. External validation on real-world data further confirmed the model’s robustness, with an accuracy of 85% on the validation set. The integration of multimodal data and advanced architectural components significantly enhanced the model’s performance.ConclusionThis study developed a non-invasive, transformer-based multimodal prediction model for assessing coronary artery stenosis severity. By combining diverse data sources and advanced machine learning techniques, the model offers a clinically viable alternative to invasive diagnostic methods. The results highlight the potential of multimodal data integration in improving CAD diagnosis and patient care.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1592593/fullcoronary artery diseasemultimodal predictiondeep learning approachescardiovascular risk assessmentmachine learning for disease risk stratification
spellingShingle Jiyu Zhang
Jiatuo Xu
Liping Tu
Tao Jiang
Yu Wang
Jijie Xu
A non-invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal data
Frontiers in Physiology
coronary artery disease
multimodal prediction
deep learning approaches
cardiovascular risk assessment
machine learning for disease risk stratification
title A non-invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal data
title_full A non-invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal data
title_fullStr A non-invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal data
title_full_unstemmed A non-invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal data
title_short A non-invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal data
title_sort non invasive prediction model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on multimodal data
topic coronary artery disease
multimodal prediction
deep learning approaches
cardiovascular risk assessment
machine learning for disease risk stratification
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1592593/full
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