Comparing Cystatin C Estimated GFR With Creatinine Estimated GFR in Acute Kidney Injury Recovery

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) to assess kidney recovery after acute kidney injury (AKI); however, this may be inaccurate because of loss of muscle mass. Cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) is an alternative that is not similarly...

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Main Authors: Kerry L. Horne, Rebecca Packington, John Monaghan, Mary Jo Kurth, Ciaran Richardson, Mark W. Ruddock, Maarten W. Taal, Rosamonde E. Banks, Nicholas M. Selby
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Kidney International Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925002918
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author Kerry L. Horne
Rebecca Packington
John Monaghan
Mary Jo Kurth
Ciaran Richardson
Mark W. Ruddock
Maarten W. Taal
Rosamonde E. Banks
Nicholas M. Selby
author_facet Kerry L. Horne
Rebecca Packington
John Monaghan
Mary Jo Kurth
Ciaran Richardson
Mark W. Ruddock
Maarten W. Taal
Rosamonde E. Banks
Nicholas M. Selby
author_sort Kerry L. Horne
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Current guidelines recommend creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) to assess kidney recovery after acute kidney injury (AKI); however, this may be inaccurate because of loss of muscle mass. Cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) is an alternative that is not similarly affected. In addition, simple calculations (e.g., creatinine muscle index, CMI) incorporating the difference between eGFRcr and eGFRcys may indicate prognosis. We sought to determine whether eGFRcr differs from eGFRcys after AKI and whether CMI is associated with mortality. Methods: The AKI Risk in Derby (ARID) study is a prospective parallel-group cohort study. Hospitalized participants with and without exposure to AKI were matched 1:1 for age, baseline kidney function, and diabetes. eGFRcr and eGFRcys at 3 months after admission were compared in 849 participants. Associations between CMI and outcomes, including mortality, heart failure, and hospitalization were assessed at 5 years. Results: eGFRcys was lower than eGFRcr (53.4, [interquartile range, IQR: 34.3–85.5] vs. 68.4 [IQR: 52.5–84.7] ml/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.001), with more pronounced differences in those with AKI. eGFRcys categorized more participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (in AKI group: eGFRcr < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in 44.9%; eGFRcys < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in 69.6%, P < 0.001). In the AKI group, higher CMI was independently associated with lower mortality at 5 years (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.931 [0.874–0.992] mg/d per 1.73 m2, P = 0.03). Conclusion: There are significant differences at 3 months after AKI in eGFR derived from creatinine versus cystatin C. The magnitude of difference between these estimates is associated with subsequent mortality. Further research is required to determine the optimal approach to patient assessment after AKI.
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spelling doaj-art-deaa0cda6ff14ccf92cec320e599483a2025-08-20T02:52:56ZengElsevierKidney International Reports2468-02492025-08-011082741275010.1016/j.ekir.2025.05.004Comparing Cystatin C Estimated GFR With Creatinine Estimated GFR in Acute Kidney Injury RecoveryKerry L. Horne0Rebecca Packington1John Monaghan2Mary Jo Kurth3Ciaran Richardson4Mark W. Ruddock5Maarten W. Taal6Rosamonde E. Banks7Nicholas M. Selby8Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UKRenal Unit, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UKDepartment of Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UKRandox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, UKImmunoassay Research and Development Department, Randox Teoranta, Donegal, IrelandRandox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, UKCentre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UKClinical and Biomedical Proteomics Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UKCentre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK; Correspondence: Nicholas M. Selby, Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Rd, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK.Introduction: Current guidelines recommend creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) to assess kidney recovery after acute kidney injury (AKI); however, this may be inaccurate because of loss of muscle mass. Cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) is an alternative that is not similarly affected. In addition, simple calculations (e.g., creatinine muscle index, CMI) incorporating the difference between eGFRcr and eGFRcys may indicate prognosis. We sought to determine whether eGFRcr differs from eGFRcys after AKI and whether CMI is associated with mortality. Methods: The AKI Risk in Derby (ARID) study is a prospective parallel-group cohort study. Hospitalized participants with and without exposure to AKI were matched 1:1 for age, baseline kidney function, and diabetes. eGFRcr and eGFRcys at 3 months after admission were compared in 849 participants. Associations between CMI and outcomes, including mortality, heart failure, and hospitalization were assessed at 5 years. Results: eGFRcys was lower than eGFRcr (53.4, [interquartile range, IQR: 34.3–85.5] vs. 68.4 [IQR: 52.5–84.7] ml/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.001), with more pronounced differences in those with AKI. eGFRcys categorized more participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (in AKI group: eGFRcr < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in 44.9%; eGFRcys < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in 69.6%, P < 0.001). In the AKI group, higher CMI was independently associated with lower mortality at 5 years (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.931 [0.874–0.992] mg/d per 1.73 m2, P = 0.03). Conclusion: There are significant differences at 3 months after AKI in eGFR derived from creatinine versus cystatin C. The magnitude of difference between these estimates is associated with subsequent mortality. Further research is required to determine the optimal approach to patient assessment after AKI.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925002918acute kidney injurychronic kidney diseasecreatininecystatin CeGFR
spellingShingle Kerry L. Horne
Rebecca Packington
John Monaghan
Mary Jo Kurth
Ciaran Richardson
Mark W. Ruddock
Maarten W. Taal
Rosamonde E. Banks
Nicholas M. Selby
Comparing Cystatin C Estimated GFR With Creatinine Estimated GFR in Acute Kidney Injury Recovery
Kidney International Reports
acute kidney injury
chronic kidney disease
creatinine
cystatin C
eGFR
title Comparing Cystatin C Estimated GFR With Creatinine Estimated GFR in Acute Kidney Injury Recovery
title_full Comparing Cystatin C Estimated GFR With Creatinine Estimated GFR in Acute Kidney Injury Recovery
title_fullStr Comparing Cystatin C Estimated GFR With Creatinine Estimated GFR in Acute Kidney Injury Recovery
title_full_unstemmed Comparing Cystatin C Estimated GFR With Creatinine Estimated GFR in Acute Kidney Injury Recovery
title_short Comparing Cystatin C Estimated GFR With Creatinine Estimated GFR in Acute Kidney Injury Recovery
title_sort comparing cystatin c estimated gfr with creatinine estimated gfr in acute kidney injury recovery
topic acute kidney injury
chronic kidney disease
creatinine
cystatin C
eGFR
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925002918
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