Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall
Abstract Exoplanetary systems that contain multiple planets on short-period orbits appear to be prevalent in the current observed exoplanetary population, yet the processes that give rise to such configurations remain poorly understood. A common prior assumption is that planetary accretion commences...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60017-8 |
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| author | Raluca Rufu Robin M. Canup |
| author_facet | Raluca Rufu Robin M. Canup |
| author_sort | Raluca Rufu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Exoplanetary systems that contain multiple planets on short-period orbits appear to be prevalent in the current observed exoplanetary population, yet the processes that give rise to such configurations remain poorly understood. A common prior assumption is that planetary accretion commences after the infall of gas and solids to the circumstellar disk ended. However, observational evidence indicates that accretion may begin earlier. We propose that compact systems are surviving remnants of planet accretion that occurred during the final phases of infall. In regions of the disk experiencing ongoing infall, the planetary mass is set by the balance between accretion of infalling solids and the increasingly rapid inward migration driven by the surrounding gas as the planet grows. This balance selects for similarly-sized planets whose mass is a function of infall and disk conditions. We show that infall-produced planets can survive until the gas disk disperses and migration ends, and that across a broad range of conditions, the mass of surviving systems is regulated to a few × 10−5 to 10−4 times the host star’s mass. This provides an explanation for the similar mass ratios of known compact systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de97f5d61e894758a61dbcd3af240743 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-de97f5d61e894758a61dbcd3af2407432025-08-20T03:48:18ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-60017-8Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infallRaluca Rufu0Robin M. Canup1Solar System Science and Exploration Division, Southwest Research InstituteSolar System Science and Exploration Division, Southwest Research InstituteAbstract Exoplanetary systems that contain multiple planets on short-period orbits appear to be prevalent in the current observed exoplanetary population, yet the processes that give rise to such configurations remain poorly understood. A common prior assumption is that planetary accretion commences after the infall of gas and solids to the circumstellar disk ended. However, observational evidence indicates that accretion may begin earlier. We propose that compact systems are surviving remnants of planet accretion that occurred during the final phases of infall. In regions of the disk experiencing ongoing infall, the planetary mass is set by the balance between accretion of infalling solids and the increasingly rapid inward migration driven by the surrounding gas as the planet grows. This balance selects for similarly-sized planets whose mass is a function of infall and disk conditions. We show that infall-produced planets can survive until the gas disk disperses and migration ends, and that across a broad range of conditions, the mass of surviving systems is regulated to a few × 10−5 to 10−4 times the host star’s mass. This provides an explanation for the similar mass ratios of known compact systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60017-8 |
| spellingShingle | Raluca Rufu Robin M. Canup Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall Nature Communications |
| title | Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall |
| title_full | Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall |
| title_fullStr | Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall |
| title_full_unstemmed | Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall |
| title_short | Origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall |
| title_sort | origin of compact exoplanetary systems during disk infall |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60017-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ralucarufu originofcompactexoplanetarysystemsduringdiskinfall AT robinmcanup originofcompactexoplanetarysystemsduringdiskinfall |