Agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated Arraias phosphate rock

ABSTRACT Natural phosphate rocks (PR) are characterized by low phosphorus (P) solubility in water. Acidulation is the normal method to raise P solubility of these materials, however, it increases the cost and causes operational issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency o...

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Main Authors: Vinicius de Melo Benites, Sulian Junkes Dal Molin, Cassio Sitta, Ernesto Sitta Neto, Carla Nascimento, Jéssica Franciele Kaminski Ramos, Philip A. Moore Jr.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 2025-06-01
Series:Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832025000200904&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Vinicius de Melo Benites
Sulian Junkes Dal Molin
Cassio Sitta
Ernesto Sitta Neto
Carla Nascimento
Jéssica Franciele Kaminski Ramos
Philip A. Moore Jr.
author_facet Vinicius de Melo Benites
Sulian Junkes Dal Molin
Cassio Sitta
Ernesto Sitta Neto
Carla Nascimento
Jéssica Franciele Kaminski Ramos
Philip A. Moore Jr.
author_sort Vinicius de Melo Benites
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Natural phosphate rocks (PR) are characterized by low phosphorus (P) solubility in water. Acidulation is the normal method to raise P solubility of these materials, however, it increases the cost and causes operational issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and micro-granulated Arraias phosphate rock, which has a lower P content (6.88 %) than normal apatite concentrates. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Rio Verde, Goiás State, in which corn was grown in pots with two kg of red clayey Oxisol (Latossolo). Treatments for the first experiment were the natural Arraias phosphate rock; triple superphosphate (TSP); and three partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) with 5, 10 and 15 % of H2SO4 relative to PR mass. Phosphorus diffusion from each fertilizer source was evaluated using Petri dishes filled with soil, with diffusion assessed at 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after preparation. For the second experiment, treatments were 15 % PAPR granulated to average sizes of 0.25, 0.75, 1.50, and 2.4 mm. The agronomic efficiency of all variations of the PR was lower than the TSP. The 15 % PAPR treatment resulted in the highest corn dry mass yield among partially acidulated PR. The phosphorus diffusion radius was greatest with TSP, while diffusion from unacidulated Arraias rock phosphate was undetectable. Diffusion from acidified phosphate rocks increased with higher acidification rates. Granule size affected P absorption and, consequently, the agronomic efficiency of PAPR, but did not significantly influence its overall efficiency. Under the conditions of this study, partially acidulated and granulated phosphate rock was not an effective alternative to TSP.
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spelling doaj-art-de8f32e9d6e6480a92becef1422b0ee12025-08-20T03:31:23ZengSociedade Brasileira de Ciência do SoloRevista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo1806-96572025-06-0149spe110.36783/18069657rbcs20240154Agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated Arraias phosphate rockVinicius de Melo Beniteshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2602-0750Sulian Junkes Dal Molinhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-8522Cassio Sittahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-8633Ernesto Sitta Netohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-5184Carla Nascimentohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1646-0920Jéssica Franciele Kaminski Ramoshttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-9484-1355Philip A. Moore Jr.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-6095ABSTRACT Natural phosphate rocks (PR) are characterized by low phosphorus (P) solubility in water. Acidulation is the normal method to raise P solubility of these materials, however, it increases the cost and causes operational issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and micro-granulated Arraias phosphate rock, which has a lower P content (6.88 %) than normal apatite concentrates. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Rio Verde, Goiás State, in which corn was grown in pots with two kg of red clayey Oxisol (Latossolo). Treatments for the first experiment were the natural Arraias phosphate rock; triple superphosphate (TSP); and three partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) with 5, 10 and 15 % of H2SO4 relative to PR mass. Phosphorus diffusion from each fertilizer source was evaluated using Petri dishes filled with soil, with diffusion assessed at 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after preparation. For the second experiment, treatments were 15 % PAPR granulated to average sizes of 0.25, 0.75, 1.50, and 2.4 mm. The agronomic efficiency of all variations of the PR was lower than the TSP. The 15 % PAPR treatment resulted in the highest corn dry mass yield among partially acidulated PR. The phosphorus diffusion radius was greatest with TSP, while diffusion from unacidulated Arraias rock phosphate was undetectable. Diffusion from acidified phosphate rocks increased with higher acidification rates. Granule size affected P absorption and, consequently, the agronomic efficiency of PAPR, but did not significantly influence its overall efficiency. Under the conditions of this study, partially acidulated and granulated phosphate rock was not an effective alternative to TSP.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832025000200904&lng=en&tlng=enphosphatepartial acidulationgranulationagronomic efficiencygreenhouse experiment
spellingShingle Vinicius de Melo Benites
Sulian Junkes Dal Molin
Cassio Sitta
Ernesto Sitta Neto
Carla Nascimento
Jéssica Franciele Kaminski Ramos
Philip A. Moore Jr.
Agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated Arraias phosphate rock
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
phosphate
partial acidulation
granulation
agronomic efficiency
greenhouse experiment
title Agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated Arraias phosphate rock
title_full Agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated Arraias phosphate rock
title_fullStr Agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated Arraias phosphate rock
title_full_unstemmed Agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated Arraias phosphate rock
title_short Agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated Arraias phosphate rock
title_sort agronomic efficiency of partially acidulated and granulated arraias phosphate rock
topic phosphate
partial acidulation
granulation
agronomic efficiency
greenhouse experiment
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832025000200904&lng=en&tlng=en
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