Combining Transcriptome and Hormone-Targeted Metabolome Analyses to Dissect the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Peduncle Elongation

Wheat is an important global food crop. The peduncle significantly impacts the plant’s height, architecture, and yield, and understanding its genetic mechanisms is crucial not only for improving wheat’s architecture but also for enhancing its yield. In this study, we identified an <i>elongated...

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Main Authors: Huifang Hao, Lu Chen, Zhiyang Cao, Xiujuan Jin, Feng Guo, Zerui Shi, Jinwen Yang, Juan Lu, Daizhen Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1611
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author Huifang Hao
Lu Chen
Zhiyang Cao
Xiujuan Jin
Feng Guo
Zerui Shi
Jinwen Yang
Juan Lu
Daizhen Sun
author_facet Huifang Hao
Lu Chen
Zhiyang Cao
Xiujuan Jin
Feng Guo
Zerui Shi
Jinwen Yang
Juan Lu
Daizhen Sun
author_sort Huifang Hao
collection DOAJ
description Wheat is an important global food crop. The peduncle significantly impacts the plant’s height, architecture, and yield, and understanding its genetic mechanisms is crucial not only for improving wheat’s architecture but also for enhancing its yield. In this study, we identified an <i>elongated uppermost internode (eui)</i> mutant in the EMS-induced progeny of Jinmai 90 (JM90). We conducted phenotypic identification, genetic analysis, and cytological observation combined with transcriptome and targeted hormone metabolism analysis and compared the differences between the <i>eui</i> mutant and the wild-type (WT). The results indicated that an incompletely dominant gene mutation caused the <i>eui</i> mutant to display significant elongation of the peduncle and an increase in the plant height. This was attributed to the considerable elongation of parenchyma cells, while no significant differences were noted in other internodes. These traits were accompanied by an increase in the spikelets per spike and grains per spike. Subsequently, transcriptome and targeted hormone metabolome sequencing were performed and identified 15,969 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 27 hormone-related differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs in MS1_VS_WS1 were significantly enriched in two pathways: those related to tryptophan metabolism and diterpenoid biosynthesis. Analysis indicated that the peduncle elongation caused by the <i>eui</i> mutant is primarily regulated by auxin. This study offers a foundation for the exploration and cloning of genes associated with the peduncle, establishing a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind wheat peduncle elongation and for developing ideal plant types and breeding high-yield varieties.
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spelling doaj-art-de87c3c0450a4445843a8fd5400a32212025-08-20T03:11:22ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-011411161110.3390/plants14111611Combining Transcriptome and Hormone-Targeted Metabolome Analyses to Dissect the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Peduncle ElongationHuifang Hao0Lu Chen1Zhiyang Cao2Xiujuan Jin3Feng Guo4Zerui Shi5Jinwen Yang6Juan Lu7Daizhen Sun8College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaWheat is an important global food crop. The peduncle significantly impacts the plant’s height, architecture, and yield, and understanding its genetic mechanisms is crucial not only for improving wheat’s architecture but also for enhancing its yield. In this study, we identified an <i>elongated uppermost internode (eui)</i> mutant in the EMS-induced progeny of Jinmai 90 (JM90). We conducted phenotypic identification, genetic analysis, and cytological observation combined with transcriptome and targeted hormone metabolism analysis and compared the differences between the <i>eui</i> mutant and the wild-type (WT). The results indicated that an incompletely dominant gene mutation caused the <i>eui</i> mutant to display significant elongation of the peduncle and an increase in the plant height. This was attributed to the considerable elongation of parenchyma cells, while no significant differences were noted in other internodes. These traits were accompanied by an increase in the spikelets per spike and grains per spike. Subsequently, transcriptome and targeted hormone metabolome sequencing were performed and identified 15,969 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 27 hormone-related differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs in MS1_VS_WS1 were significantly enriched in two pathways: those related to tryptophan metabolism and diterpenoid biosynthesis. Analysis indicated that the peduncle elongation caused by the <i>eui</i> mutant is primarily regulated by auxin. This study offers a foundation for the exploration and cloning of genes associated with the peduncle, establishing a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind wheat peduncle elongation and for developing ideal plant types and breeding high-yield varieties.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1611wheatpeduncle<i>eui</i> mutanttranscriptomicshormone-targeted metabolomics
spellingShingle Huifang Hao
Lu Chen
Zhiyang Cao
Xiujuan Jin
Feng Guo
Zerui Shi
Jinwen Yang
Juan Lu
Daizhen Sun
Combining Transcriptome and Hormone-Targeted Metabolome Analyses to Dissect the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Peduncle Elongation
Plants
wheat
peduncle
<i>eui</i> mutant
transcriptomics
hormone-targeted metabolomics
title Combining Transcriptome and Hormone-Targeted Metabolome Analyses to Dissect the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Peduncle Elongation
title_full Combining Transcriptome and Hormone-Targeted Metabolome Analyses to Dissect the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Peduncle Elongation
title_fullStr Combining Transcriptome and Hormone-Targeted Metabolome Analyses to Dissect the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Peduncle Elongation
title_full_unstemmed Combining Transcriptome and Hormone-Targeted Metabolome Analyses to Dissect the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Peduncle Elongation
title_short Combining Transcriptome and Hormone-Targeted Metabolome Analyses to Dissect the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Wheat Peduncle Elongation
title_sort combining transcriptome and hormone targeted metabolome analyses to dissect the regulatory mechanisms underlying wheat peduncle elongation
topic wheat
peduncle
<i>eui</i> mutant
transcriptomics
hormone-targeted metabolomics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/11/1611
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