The role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blends

The study investigates a ternary biopolymer blend composed of biopolymers polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate- co-valerate (PHBV), and lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste for sustainable packaging applications. A PLA: PHBV blend (70:30) was enhanced by incorporating hydrophobic lignin...

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Main Authors: Syaifullah Muhammad, Rahul Dev Bairwan, H.P.S. Abdul Khalil, Marwan M, Mohd Syukri Baharudin, Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Budapest University of Technology and Economics 2025-06-01
Series:eXPRESS Polymer Letters
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Online Access:https://www.expresspolymlett.com/article.php?a=EPL-0013249
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author Syaifullah Muhammad
Rahul Dev Bairwan
H.P.S. Abdul Khalil
Marwan M
Mohd Syukri Baharudin
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
author_facet Syaifullah Muhammad
Rahul Dev Bairwan
H.P.S. Abdul Khalil
Marwan M
Mohd Syukri Baharudin
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
author_sort Syaifullah Muhammad
collection DOAJ
description The study investigates a ternary biopolymer blend composed of biopolymers polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate- co-valerate (PHBV), and lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste for sustainable packaging applications. A PLA: PHBV blend (70:30) was enhanced by incorporating hydrophobic lignin as a filler in varying loadings of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%. The ternary blend was prepared using twin-screw extrusion process, pelletized, and compression-molded into specimens. Comprehensive characterization of the ternary blend included evaluations of water barrier, mechanical, functional, thermal, and morphological properties. Results demonstrated that lignin addition notably improved the compatibility between PLA and PHBV, leading to enhanced barrier performance, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. SEM morphology confirmed improved interfacial adhesion due to hydrophobic nature of lignin, which facilitated better dispersion at lower filler loadings. However, at 12 wt% lignin, property reductions were observed, attributed to lignin agglomeration and poor dispersion. Optimal performance was achieved at 9 wt% lignin loading, offering a balance of improved properties without compromising processability or structural integrity. This study highlights the potential of the PLA/PHBV/lignin ternary blend as a viable, eco-friendly material for sustainable packaging, showcasing improved functionality and environmental compatibility compared to conventional polymers.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-de7ad0267c3e4b2b91d8e9b3310c50bf2025-08-20T03:57:59ZengBudapest University of Technology and EconomicseXPRESS Polymer Letters1788-618X2025-06-0119655656710.3144/expresspolymlett.2025.42The role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blendsSyaifullah MuhammadRahul Dev BairwanH.P.S. Abdul KhalilMarwan MMohd Syukri BaharudinMardiana Idayu AhmadThe study investigates a ternary biopolymer blend composed of biopolymers polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate- co-valerate (PHBV), and lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste for sustainable packaging applications. A PLA: PHBV blend (70:30) was enhanced by incorporating hydrophobic lignin as a filler in varying loadings of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%. The ternary blend was prepared using twin-screw extrusion process, pelletized, and compression-molded into specimens. Comprehensive characterization of the ternary blend included evaluations of water barrier, mechanical, functional, thermal, and morphological properties. Results demonstrated that lignin addition notably improved the compatibility between PLA and PHBV, leading to enhanced barrier performance, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. SEM morphology confirmed improved interfacial adhesion due to hydrophobic nature of lignin, which facilitated better dispersion at lower filler loadings. However, at 12 wt% lignin, property reductions were observed, attributed to lignin agglomeration and poor dispersion. Optimal performance was achieved at 9 wt% lignin loading, offering a balance of improved properties without compromising processability or structural integrity. This study highlights the potential of the PLA/PHBV/lignin ternary blend as a viable, eco-friendly material for sustainable packaging, showcasing improved functionality and environmental compatibility compared to conventional polymers.https://www.expresspolymlett.com/article.php?a=EPL-0013249 biopolymer mechanical properties poly(lactic acid) blend compatibility waste
spellingShingle Syaifullah Muhammad
Rahul Dev Bairwan
H.P.S. Abdul Khalil
Marwan M
Mohd Syukri Baharudin
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
The role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blends
eXPRESS Polymer Letters
biopolymer
mechanical properties
poly(lactic acid)
blend
compatibility
waste
title The role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blends
title_full The role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blends
title_fullStr The role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blends
title_full_unstemmed The role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blends
title_short The role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blends
title_sort role of lignin extracted from patchouli fiber waste in sustainable ternary biopolymer blends
topic biopolymer
mechanical properties
poly(lactic acid)
blend
compatibility
waste
url https://www.expresspolymlett.com/article.php?a=EPL-0013249
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