Quality preservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at the Khalal stage: a review on current challenges, preservation methods, and future trends

Date palm fruits have great commercial value and spiritual and cultural significance in multiple countries due to their high nutritional value and various health benefits. Some popular date varieties such as Barhi, Hayani, Samany, and Zaghlol are harvested at the Khalal stage due to their unique org...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nashi K. Alqahtani, Salim A. Ali, Tareq M. Alnemr
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1558985/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850156219901149184
author Nashi K. Alqahtani
Nashi K. Alqahtani
Salim A. Ali
Tareq M. Alnemr
author_facet Nashi K. Alqahtani
Nashi K. Alqahtani
Salim A. Ali
Tareq M. Alnemr
author_sort Nashi K. Alqahtani
collection DOAJ
description Date palm fruits have great commercial value and spiritual and cultural significance in multiple countries due to their high nutritional value and various health benefits. Some popular date varieties such as Barhi, Hayani, Samany, and Zaghlol are harvested at the Khalal stage due to their unique organoleptic properties, including crunchy texture, delicious taste, and attractive color; therefore, they have a great consumer demand and significant market relevance. However, dates at the Khalal stage are facing three issues: (1) they are perishable due to the higher moisture and sugar content, (2) they are rapidly converted from the Khalal to Rutab stage (ripening), and (3) the short picking season, where huge quantities of the fruits reach the horticultural ripening during a short time. Therefore, delaying ripening, maintaining freshness, preventing spoilage, and extending the shelf-life represent the major challenges at the Khalal stage. Accordingly, this review discussed the main factors responsible for quality loss and shelf-life shortening of Khalal dates. Preservation methods, research needs, and future trends were also discussed.
format Article
id doaj-art-de796dda2601461fa1215f85a5571a4c
institution OA Journals
issn 2571-581X
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
spelling doaj-art-de796dda2601461fa1215f85a5571a4c2025-08-20T02:24:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2025-04-01910.3389/fsufs.2025.15589851558985Quality preservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at the Khalal stage: a review on current challenges, preservation methods, and future trendsNashi K. Alqahtani0Nashi K. Alqahtani1Salim A. Ali2Tareq M. Alnemr3Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDate Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDate palm fruits have great commercial value and spiritual and cultural significance in multiple countries due to their high nutritional value and various health benefits. Some popular date varieties such as Barhi, Hayani, Samany, and Zaghlol are harvested at the Khalal stage due to their unique organoleptic properties, including crunchy texture, delicious taste, and attractive color; therefore, they have a great consumer demand and significant market relevance. However, dates at the Khalal stage are facing three issues: (1) they are perishable due to the higher moisture and sugar content, (2) they are rapidly converted from the Khalal to Rutab stage (ripening), and (3) the short picking season, where huge quantities of the fruits reach the horticultural ripening during a short time. Therefore, delaying ripening, maintaining freshness, preventing spoilage, and extending the shelf-life represent the major challenges at the Khalal stage. Accordingly, this review discussed the main factors responsible for quality loss and shelf-life shortening of Khalal dates. Preservation methods, research needs, and future trends were also discussed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1558985/fulldate palmpost-harvest changesKhalal stageripeningpreservation
spellingShingle Nashi K. Alqahtani
Nashi K. Alqahtani
Salim A. Ali
Tareq M. Alnemr
Quality preservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at the Khalal stage: a review on current challenges, preservation methods, and future trends
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
date palm
post-harvest changes
Khalal stage
ripening
preservation
title Quality preservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at the Khalal stage: a review on current challenges, preservation methods, and future trends
title_full Quality preservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at the Khalal stage: a review on current challenges, preservation methods, and future trends
title_fullStr Quality preservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at the Khalal stage: a review on current challenges, preservation methods, and future trends
title_full_unstemmed Quality preservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at the Khalal stage: a review on current challenges, preservation methods, and future trends
title_short Quality preservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at the Khalal stage: a review on current challenges, preservation methods, and future trends
title_sort quality preservation of date palm phoenix dactylifera l fruits at the khalal stage a review on current challenges preservation methods and future trends
topic date palm
post-harvest changes
Khalal stage
ripening
preservation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1558985/full
work_keys_str_mv AT nashikalqahtani qualitypreservationofdatepalmphoenixdactyliferalfruitsatthekhalalstageareviewoncurrentchallengespreservationmethodsandfuturetrends
AT nashikalqahtani qualitypreservationofdatepalmphoenixdactyliferalfruitsatthekhalalstageareviewoncurrentchallengespreservationmethodsandfuturetrends
AT salimaali qualitypreservationofdatepalmphoenixdactyliferalfruitsatthekhalalstageareviewoncurrentchallengespreservationmethodsandfuturetrends
AT tareqmalnemr qualitypreservationofdatepalmphoenixdactyliferalfruitsatthekhalalstageareviewoncurrentchallengespreservationmethodsandfuturetrends