Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia

Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a rare invasive infection, involving both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Since the discovery of inherited immune disorders such as the impairment of CARD9 gene, extended dermatophyte infections are mostly ascribed to any of these host factors. This...

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Main Authors: Yinggai Song, Xiaowen Wang, Qian Li, Ruijun Zhang, Sybren de Hoog, Ruoyu Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2023-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2208685
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author Yinggai Song
Xiaowen Wang
Qian Li
Ruijun Zhang
Sybren de Hoog
Ruoyu Li
author_facet Yinggai Song
Xiaowen Wang
Qian Li
Ruijun Zhang
Sybren de Hoog
Ruoyu Li
author_sort Yinggai Song
collection DOAJ
description Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a rare invasive infection, involving both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Since the discovery of inherited immune disorders such as the impairment of CARD9 gene, extended dermatophyte infections are mostly ascribed to any of these host factors. This study is to present and explore the potential causes in a fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma patient. We present a chronic and deep pseudomycetoma caused by the common dermatophyte Microsporum canis which ultimately led to the death of the patient. Mycological examination, genetic studies and host immune responses against fungi were performed to explore the potential factors. The patient had decreased lymphocyte counts with significantly reduced CD4+ T cells, although all currently known genetic parameters proved to be normal. Through functional studies, we demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient showed severe impairment of adaptive cytokine production upon fungus-specific stimulation, whereas innate immune responses were partially defective. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia, which highlights the importance of screening for immune deficiencies in patients with deep dermatophytosis.
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publishDate 2023-12-01
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series Emerging Microbes and Infections
spelling doaj-art-de751f3229ae482d91083ac369ea60b22025-08-20T03:52:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112110.1080/22221751.2023.2208685Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopeniaYinggai Song0Xiaowen Wang1Qian Li2Ruijun Zhang3Sybren de Hoog4Ruoyu Li5Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaDermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a rare invasive infection, involving both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Since the discovery of inherited immune disorders such as the impairment of CARD9 gene, extended dermatophyte infections are mostly ascribed to any of these host factors. This study is to present and explore the potential causes in a fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma patient. We present a chronic and deep pseudomycetoma caused by the common dermatophyte Microsporum canis which ultimately led to the death of the patient. Mycological examination, genetic studies and host immune responses against fungi were performed to explore the potential factors. The patient had decreased lymphocyte counts with significantly reduced CD4+ T cells, although all currently known genetic parameters proved to be normal. Through functional studies, we demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient showed severe impairment of adaptive cytokine production upon fungus-specific stimulation, whereas innate immune responses were partially defective. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia, which highlights the importance of screening for immune deficiencies in patients with deep dermatophytosis.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2208685Dermatophytepseudomycetomafatal infectionnon-HIV CD4 lymphocytopeniaMicrosporum canis
spellingShingle Yinggai Song
Xiaowen Wang
Qian Li
Ruijun Zhang
Sybren de Hoog
Ruoyu Li
Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Dermatophyte
pseudomycetoma
fatal infection
non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia
Microsporum canis
title Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia
title_full Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia
title_fullStr Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia
title_full_unstemmed Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia
title_short Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia
title_sort fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non hiv cd4 lymphocytopenia
topic Dermatophyte
pseudomycetoma
fatal infection
non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia
Microsporum canis
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2208685
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AT qianli fataldermatophyticpseudomycetomainapatientwithnonhivcd4lymphocytopenia
AT ruijunzhang fataldermatophyticpseudomycetomainapatientwithnonhivcd4lymphocytopenia
AT sybrendehoog fataldermatophyticpseudomycetomainapatientwithnonhivcd4lymphocytopenia
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