Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Mexico
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> In Mexico, there is very little data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), so, determining the number of people with this condition will help to establish meas...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Tatiana Ordóñez-Rodríguez Luis Antonio Leyva-Alejandro José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz Gustavo Martínez-Mier Roberto Carlos Cortes-Balán Oscar Faibre-Álvarez Judith Quistián-Galván Wendy Marilú Ramos-Hernández Víctor Bernal-Dolores |
| author_facet | Tatiana Ordóñez-Rodríguez Luis Antonio Leyva-Alejandro José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz Gustavo Martínez-Mier Roberto Carlos Cortes-Balán Oscar Faibre-Álvarez Judith Quistián-Galván Wendy Marilú Ramos-Hernández Víctor Bernal-Dolores |
| author_sort | Tatiana Ordóñez-Rodríguez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> In Mexico, there is very little data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), so, determining the number of people with this condition will help to establish measures to treat it promptly. <b>Methods</b>: A descriptive, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of people living with HIV who signed the informed consent form and were stratified according to the criteria established by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) and the Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD) for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. <b>Results</b>: According to the ATP-III and ALAD criteria, 26.5% and 36.3% of people living with HIV receiving ART were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in men than in women, using both classification criteria (ATP-III: 58 men [67.4%] vs. 28 women [32.6%]; ALAD: 84 men [71.2%] vs. 34 women [28.8%]). The median time since HIV diagnosis of the participants with metabolic syndrome was longer than for the participants without metabolic syndrome, using the ALAD criteria (<i>p</i> = 0.023). The time spent on ART among participants with metabolic syndrome was longer than among those without, using the ATP-III criteria (<i>p</i> = 0.011). The CD4+ T-cell count and HIV-RNA detection showed no significant difference between participants with and without metabolic syndrome (<i>p</i> > 0.05). No statistical significance was found concerning ART and metabolic syndrome; it is noteworthy that for participants with dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC), the frequency was similar regardless of the criteria used, and different for those who were taking bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) or were in other schemes (etravirine, darunavir/ritonavir, raltegravir). <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results suggested that 26.5% and 36.3% of the people living with HIV receiving ART included in this study had metabolic syndrome according to ATP-III and ALAD criteria, respectively. These results are consistent with results reported in the Latin American population. Interestingly, both criteria showed a higher frequency of metabolic syndrome in men living with HIV compared to women. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de72e08a131845e693ef468dfafce2e2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-de72e08a131845e693ef468dfafce2e22025-08-20T03:29:44ZengMDPI AGVenereology2674-07102025-06-0142910.3390/venereology4020009Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in MexicoTatiana Ordóñez-Rodríguez0Luis Antonio Leyva-Alejandro1José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz2Gustavo Martínez-Mier3Roberto Carlos Cortes-Balán4Oscar Faibre-Álvarez5Judith Quistián-Galván6Wendy Marilú Ramos-Hernández7Víctor Bernal-Dolores8Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, MexicoUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, MexicoUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, MexicoUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, MexicoUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, MexicoUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, MexicoUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, MexicoUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, MexicoUnidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, Mexico<b>Background/Objectives:</b> In Mexico, there is very little data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), so, determining the number of people with this condition will help to establish measures to treat it promptly. <b>Methods</b>: A descriptive, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of people living with HIV who signed the informed consent form and were stratified according to the criteria established by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) and the Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD) for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. <b>Results</b>: According to the ATP-III and ALAD criteria, 26.5% and 36.3% of people living with HIV receiving ART were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in men than in women, using both classification criteria (ATP-III: 58 men [67.4%] vs. 28 women [32.6%]; ALAD: 84 men [71.2%] vs. 34 women [28.8%]). The median time since HIV diagnosis of the participants with metabolic syndrome was longer than for the participants without metabolic syndrome, using the ALAD criteria (<i>p</i> = 0.023). The time spent on ART among participants with metabolic syndrome was longer than among those without, using the ATP-III criteria (<i>p</i> = 0.011). The CD4+ T-cell count and HIV-RNA detection showed no significant difference between participants with and without metabolic syndrome (<i>p</i> > 0.05). No statistical significance was found concerning ART and metabolic syndrome; it is noteworthy that for participants with dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC), the frequency was similar regardless of the criteria used, and different for those who were taking bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) or were in other schemes (etravirine, darunavir/ritonavir, raltegravir). <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results suggested that 26.5% and 36.3% of the people living with HIV receiving ART included in this study had metabolic syndrome according to ATP-III and ALAD criteria, respectively. These results are consistent with results reported in the Latin American population. Interestingly, both criteria showed a higher frequency of metabolic syndrome in men living with HIV compared to women.https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0710/4/2/9people living with HIVAIDSmetabolic syndromeantiretroviral therapy |
| spellingShingle | Tatiana Ordóñez-Rodríguez Luis Antonio Leyva-Alejandro José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz Gustavo Martínez-Mier Roberto Carlos Cortes-Balán Oscar Faibre-Álvarez Judith Quistián-Galván Wendy Marilú Ramos-Hernández Víctor Bernal-Dolores Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Mexico Venereology people living with HIV AIDS metabolic syndrome antiretroviral therapy |
| title | Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Mexico |
| title_full | Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Mexico |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Mexico |
| title_short | Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Mexico |
| title_sort | metabolic syndrome among people living with human immunodeficiency virus hiv receiving antiretroviral therapy in mexico |
| topic | people living with HIV AIDS metabolic syndrome antiretroviral therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0710/4/2/9 |
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