Balancing act: optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cells

IntroductionRecent findings show that visible light, particularly blue light, stimulates melanogenesis in human skin, though the underlying mechanisms remain debated. This study aimed to determine the cell damage threshold of non-ionizing blue light on keratinocytes while preserving their ability to...

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Main Authors: Augustin C. Barolet, Brice Magne, Karel Ferland, Natallia E. Uzunbajakava, Daniel Barolet, Lucie Germain
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1513054/full
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author Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Brice Magne
Brice Magne
Brice Magne
Karel Ferland
Karel Ferland
Karel Ferland
Natallia E. Uzunbajakava
Daniel Barolet
Daniel Barolet
Lucie Germain
Lucie Germain
Lucie Germain
author_facet Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Brice Magne
Brice Magne
Brice Magne
Karel Ferland
Karel Ferland
Karel Ferland
Natallia E. Uzunbajakava
Daniel Barolet
Daniel Barolet
Lucie Germain
Lucie Germain
Lucie Germain
author_sort Augustin C. Barolet
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionRecent findings show that visible light, particularly blue light, stimulates melanogenesis in human skin, though the underlying mechanisms remain debated. This study aimed to determine the cell damage threshold of non-ionizing blue light on keratinocytes while preserving their ability to stimulate melanogenesis.MethodsHuman keratinocytes (N = 3) and melanocytes (N = 3) were isolated from skin samples of varying Fitzpatrick skin phototypes and irradiated with blue light (λpeak = 457 nm) and UVA light (λpeak = 385 nm). Cellular metabolic activity was assessed using the AlamarBlue HS assay, α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH) production by keratinocytes was quantified using ELISA, and Western blotting was used to assess pro-melanogenic factor expression in melanocytes.ResultsHigh blue light intensity (50 mW/cm2, 50 J/cm2) and UVA light (15 mW/cm2, 20 J/cm2) significantly reduced cellular metabolic activity, with a 0.86 ± 0.055 and 0.60 ± 0.031 (mean ± SD) fold decrease compared to their respective sham by day 7. In contrast, moderate blue light intensities (5–15 mW/cm2, 10–20 J/cm2) preserved cellular metabolic activity while stimulating α-MSH production, with an optimal balance achieved at 10 mW/cm2, 15 J/cm2 (1.14 ± 0.046 fold increase relative to sham on day 7). Co-culture experiments confirmed that irradiated keratinocytes enhanced melanogenesis in melanocytes via paracrine signaling, increasing the expression of Tyrosinase and Dopachrome Tautomerase (DCT). Direct blue light irradiation on melanocytes also increased pigmentation without significant cellular damage.DiscussionModerate-intensity blue light at 10 mW/cm2, 15 J/cm2 effectively stimulates melanogenesis while maintaining cellular metabolic activity in both keratinocytes and melanocytes, offering a promising, safe approach for blue light therapies targeting pigmentation disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-de70ca7f5a5a4d1ab12a19ccb60fcd7b2025-01-09T06:10:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-01-011510.3389/fphys.2024.15130541513054Balancing act: optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cellsAugustin C. Barolet0Augustin C. Barolet1Augustin C. Barolet2Augustin C. Barolet3Brice Magne4Brice Magne5Brice Magne6Karel Ferland7Karel Ferland8Karel Ferland9Natallia E. Uzunbajakava10Daniel Barolet11Daniel Barolet12Lucie Germain13Lucie Germain14Lucie Germain15Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Quebec – Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, CanadaCentre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval (LOEX), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaRoseLab Skin Optics Research Laboratory, Laval, QC, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaRegenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Quebec – Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, CanadaCentre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval (LOEX), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaRegenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Quebec – Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, CanadaCentre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval (LOEX), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaDepartment of Hybrid Printed Electronics, TNO at the Holst Centre, Eindhoven, NetherlandsRoseLab Skin Optics Research Laboratory, Laval, QC, CanadaDermatology Division, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaRegenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Quebec – Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, CanadaCentre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval (LOEX), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaIntroductionRecent findings show that visible light, particularly blue light, stimulates melanogenesis in human skin, though the underlying mechanisms remain debated. This study aimed to determine the cell damage threshold of non-ionizing blue light on keratinocytes while preserving their ability to stimulate melanogenesis.MethodsHuman keratinocytes (N = 3) and melanocytes (N = 3) were isolated from skin samples of varying Fitzpatrick skin phototypes and irradiated with blue light (λpeak = 457 nm) and UVA light (λpeak = 385 nm). Cellular metabolic activity was assessed using the AlamarBlue HS assay, α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH) production by keratinocytes was quantified using ELISA, and Western blotting was used to assess pro-melanogenic factor expression in melanocytes.ResultsHigh blue light intensity (50 mW/cm2, 50 J/cm2) and UVA light (15 mW/cm2, 20 J/cm2) significantly reduced cellular metabolic activity, with a 0.86 ± 0.055 and 0.60 ± 0.031 (mean ± SD) fold decrease compared to their respective sham by day 7. In contrast, moderate blue light intensities (5–15 mW/cm2, 10–20 J/cm2) preserved cellular metabolic activity while stimulating α-MSH production, with an optimal balance achieved at 10 mW/cm2, 15 J/cm2 (1.14 ± 0.046 fold increase relative to sham on day 7). Co-culture experiments confirmed that irradiated keratinocytes enhanced melanogenesis in melanocytes via paracrine signaling, increasing the expression of Tyrosinase and Dopachrome Tautomerase (DCT). Direct blue light irradiation on melanocytes also increased pigmentation without significant cellular damage.DiscussionModerate-intensity blue light at 10 mW/cm2, 15 J/cm2 effectively stimulates melanogenesis while maintaining cellular metabolic activity in both keratinocytes and melanocytes, offering a promising, safe approach for blue light therapies targeting pigmentation disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1513054/fullblue lightcell viabilitymelanogenesismelanocytesalpha-MSHkeratinocytes
spellingShingle Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Augustin C. Barolet
Brice Magne
Brice Magne
Brice Magne
Karel Ferland
Karel Ferland
Karel Ferland
Natallia E. Uzunbajakava
Daniel Barolet
Daniel Barolet
Lucie Germain
Lucie Germain
Lucie Germain
Balancing act: optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cells
Frontiers in Physiology
blue light
cell viability
melanogenesis
melanocytes
alpha-MSH
keratinocytes
title Balancing act: optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cells
title_full Balancing act: optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cells
title_fullStr Balancing act: optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cells
title_full_unstemmed Balancing act: optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cells
title_short Balancing act: optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cells
title_sort balancing act optimizing blue light for melanogenesis while minimizing cellular damage in primary human skin cells
topic blue light
cell viability
melanogenesis
melanocytes
alpha-MSH
keratinocytes
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1513054/full
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