The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease associated with significant functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Among women, PAD remains poorly recognized and undermanaged. Compared with men, women with PAD tend to be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, have poorer quality of...

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Main Authors: Andrea Martinez, Jingwen Huang, Arash Harzand
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Radcliffe Medical Media 2024-02-01
Series:US Cardiology Review
Online Access:https://www.uscjournal.com/articleindex/usc.2022.28
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author Andrea Martinez
Jingwen Huang
Arash Harzand
author_facet Andrea Martinez
Jingwen Huang
Arash Harzand
author_sort Andrea Martinez
collection DOAJ
description Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease associated with significant functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Among women, PAD remains poorly recognized and undermanaged. Compared with men, women with PAD tend to be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, have poorer quality of life, and experience higher rates of PAD-related morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. In this review, we describe the sex- and gender-related differences in the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of PAD. We provide specific recommendations to overcome these factors, including greater awareness and an increased emphasis on tailored and more aggressive interventions for women with PAD. Such changes are warranted and necessary to achieve more equitable outcomes in women with PAD, including improved limb outcomes, enhanced lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk reduction.
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series US Cardiology Review
spelling doaj-art-de692a5912334e8dabc369c5d1cd16a52025-08-20T02:37:51ZengRadcliffe Medical MediaUS Cardiology Review1758-38961758-390X2024-02-011810.15420/usc.2022.28The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery DiseaseAndrea Martinez0Jingwen Huang1Arash Harzand2Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MADepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GADivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Cardiology Department, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GAPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease associated with significant functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Among women, PAD remains poorly recognized and undermanaged. Compared with men, women with PAD tend to be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, have poorer quality of life, and experience higher rates of PAD-related morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. In this review, we describe the sex- and gender-related differences in the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of PAD. We provide specific recommendations to overcome these factors, including greater awareness and an increased emphasis on tailored and more aggressive interventions for women with PAD. Such changes are warranted and necessary to achieve more equitable outcomes in women with PAD, including improved limb outcomes, enhanced lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk reduction.https://www.uscjournal.com/articleindex/usc.2022.28
spellingShingle Andrea Martinez
Jingwen Huang
Arash Harzand
The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease
US Cardiology Review
title The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease
title_full The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease
title_fullStr The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease
title_short The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease
title_sort pink tax sex and gender disparities in peripheral artery disease
url https://www.uscjournal.com/articleindex/usc.2022.28
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