The Laboratory Measurement of the Line Ratios in X-Ray Emission Resulting from the Charge Exchange Between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and Helium
The line ratios in X-ray emission resulting from charge exchange between highly charged ions (HCIs) and neutral atoms are not only crucial for accurately modeling astrophysical X-ray emissions but also offer a unique perspective on the charge exchange processes happening during collisions. The <i...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Kebao Shu Caojie Shao Shuo Zhang Ruitian Zhang Cheng Qian Yingli Xue Mingwu Zhang Jinlei Tian Zhenqiang Wang Xiaolong Zhu Liangting Sun Junxia Ran Deyang Yu |
| author_facet | Kebao Shu Caojie Shao Shuo Zhang Ruitian Zhang Cheng Qian Yingli Xue Mingwu Zhang Jinlei Tian Zhenqiang Wang Xiaolong Zhu Liangting Sun Junxia Ran Deyang Yu |
| author_sort | Kebao Shu |
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| description | The line ratios in X-ray emission resulting from charge exchange between highly charged ions (HCIs) and neutral atoms are not only crucial for accurately modeling astrophysical X-ray emissions but also offer a unique perspective on the charge exchange processes happening during collisions. The <i>K</i> X-ray spectra following charge exchange between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and He are presented for a collision velocity of 1489 km/s (11.5 keV/amu). The spectra were measured by two Silicon Drift Detectors capable of resolving the Mg<sup>10+</sup> <i>K</i>α, <i>K</i>β, <i>K</i>γ, and <i>K</i>δ+ lines. The line intensity ratios of <i>K</i>β, <i>K</i>γ, and <i>K</i>δ+ relative to the <i>K</i>α line, as well as the hardness ratio, were obtained. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical results from a cascade model that utilizes the state cross-sections produced by multichannel Landau–Zener (MCLZ) calculation. It was discovered that the <i>K</i> X-ray spectrum features can be reproduced well by MCLZ theory when the contributions of both single electron capture (SEC) and autoionizing double capture (ADC) processes are included. This finding implies that the ADC feeding mechanism is significant and should be taken into account for the X-ray emission during charge exchange between highly charged ions and multielectron atoms. |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-de65af2fcb134d79aee53009c2d41d0c2025-08-20T02:17:19ZengMDPI AGAtoms2218-20042025-04-011343410.3390/atoms13040034The Laboratory Measurement of the Line Ratios in X-Ray Emission Resulting from the Charge Exchange Between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and HeliumKebao Shu0Caojie Shao1Shuo Zhang2Ruitian Zhang3Cheng Qian4Yingli Xue5Mingwu Zhang6Jinlei Tian7Zhenqiang Wang8Xiaolong Zhu9Liangting Sun10Junxia Ran11Deyang Yu12College of Physical Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaAdvanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Laboratory, Huizhou 516007, ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCollege of Physical Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaCollege of Physical Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCollege of Physical Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaThe line ratios in X-ray emission resulting from charge exchange between highly charged ions (HCIs) and neutral atoms are not only crucial for accurately modeling astrophysical X-ray emissions but also offer a unique perspective on the charge exchange processes happening during collisions. The <i>K</i> X-ray spectra following charge exchange between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and He are presented for a collision velocity of 1489 km/s (11.5 keV/amu). The spectra were measured by two Silicon Drift Detectors capable of resolving the Mg<sup>10+</sup> <i>K</i>α, <i>K</i>β, <i>K</i>γ, and <i>K</i>δ+ lines. The line intensity ratios of <i>K</i>β, <i>K</i>γ, and <i>K</i>δ+ relative to the <i>K</i>α line, as well as the hardness ratio, were obtained. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical results from a cascade model that utilizes the state cross-sections produced by multichannel Landau–Zener (MCLZ) calculation. It was discovered that the <i>K</i> X-ray spectrum features can be reproduced well by MCLZ theory when the contributions of both single electron capture (SEC) and autoionizing double capture (ADC) processes are included. This finding implies that the ADC feeding mechanism is significant and should be taken into account for the X-ray emission during charge exchange between highly charged ions and multielectron atoms.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/13/4/34X-ray spectraline ratiocharge exchangehighly charged ion (HCI)ion atom collisionsingle electron capture (SEC) |
| spellingShingle | Kebao Shu Caojie Shao Shuo Zhang Ruitian Zhang Cheng Qian Yingli Xue Mingwu Zhang Jinlei Tian Zhenqiang Wang Xiaolong Zhu Liangting Sun Junxia Ran Deyang Yu The Laboratory Measurement of the Line Ratios in X-Ray Emission Resulting from the Charge Exchange Between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and Helium Atoms X-ray spectra line ratio charge exchange highly charged ion (HCI) ion atom collision single electron capture (SEC) |
| title | The Laboratory Measurement of the Line Ratios in X-Ray Emission Resulting from the Charge Exchange Between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and Helium |
| title_full | The Laboratory Measurement of the Line Ratios in X-Ray Emission Resulting from the Charge Exchange Between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and Helium |
| title_fullStr | The Laboratory Measurement of the Line Ratios in X-Ray Emission Resulting from the Charge Exchange Between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and Helium |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Laboratory Measurement of the Line Ratios in X-Ray Emission Resulting from the Charge Exchange Between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and Helium |
| title_short | The Laboratory Measurement of the Line Ratios in X-Ray Emission Resulting from the Charge Exchange Between Mg<sup>11+</sup> and Helium |
| title_sort | laboratory measurement of the line ratios in x ray emission resulting from the charge exchange between mg sup 11 sup and helium |
| topic | X-ray spectra line ratio charge exchange highly charged ion (HCI) ion atom collision single electron capture (SEC) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/13/4/34 |
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