Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspot
Background: Paired-coil TMS can delineate causal connections between cortical areas. Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI) is a rapid inhibitory process, in which one primary motor cortex (M1) inhibits the other through the corpus callosum. Previous work suggests that both SIHI and motor...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Brain Stimulation |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25002281 |
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| author | David Emanuel Vetter Andreas Jooß Tuomas P. Mutanen Gábor Kozák Ulf Ziemann |
| author_facet | David Emanuel Vetter Andreas Jooß Tuomas P. Mutanen Gábor Kozák Ulf Ziemann |
| author_sort | David Emanuel Vetter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Paired-coil TMS can delineate causal connections between cortical areas. Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI) is a rapid inhibitory process, in which one primary motor cortex (M1) inhibits the other through the corpus callosum. Previous work suggests that both SIHI and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) originate in the motor hotspot. However, SIHI and MEPs are mediated by different neuronal populations. Objectives: Here we used a recently published TMS-based association-method (Weise et al., 2023, Nat Protoc 18:293–318) to test if the neuronal populations mediating SIHI and MEPs can be spatially discriminated. Method: s: We mapped the origin of SIHI and MEPs of hand muscles in each hemisphere, using the novel association-method to perform a ‘source space’ mapping on 18 healthy volunteers. Results: The origin of SIHI (the ‘coldspot’) was identifiable in the majority of subjects near the motor hotspot, at the hand-knob and around the central sulcus. It was displaced posterolaterally from the motor hotspot by about 6 mm. Post-hoc analyses revealed that precisely targeting the coldspot elicited significantly stronger SIHI compared to targeting the motor hotspot. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that the TMS-based association-method for source-space mapping enables physiological investigation of the distinct neuronal populations that give rise to interhemispheric inhibition of the contralateral motor cortex versus motor evoked potentials in contralateral hand muscles. SIHI can be more effectively elicited by targeting the coldspot rather than the hotspot, a potentially relevant distinction when aiming to modify interhemispheric neural communication, e.g., in stroke rehabilitation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de52ff9e33a14db2b23f66cfbd8c0652 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1935-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Stimulation |
| spelling | doaj-art-de52ff9e33a14db2b23f66cfbd8c06522025-08-20T03:40:25ZengElsevierBrain Stimulation1935-861X2025-07-011841074108110.1016/j.brs.2025.05.115Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspotDavid Emanuel Vetter0Andreas Jooß1Tuomas P. Mutanen2Gábor Kozák3Ulf Ziemann4Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto Yliopisto, Uusimaa, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Corresponding author. Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.Background: Paired-coil TMS can delineate causal connections between cortical areas. Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI) is a rapid inhibitory process, in which one primary motor cortex (M1) inhibits the other through the corpus callosum. Previous work suggests that both SIHI and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) originate in the motor hotspot. However, SIHI and MEPs are mediated by different neuronal populations. Objectives: Here we used a recently published TMS-based association-method (Weise et al., 2023, Nat Protoc 18:293–318) to test if the neuronal populations mediating SIHI and MEPs can be spatially discriminated. Method: s: We mapped the origin of SIHI and MEPs of hand muscles in each hemisphere, using the novel association-method to perform a ‘source space’ mapping on 18 healthy volunteers. Results: The origin of SIHI (the ‘coldspot’) was identifiable in the majority of subjects near the motor hotspot, at the hand-knob and around the central sulcus. It was displaced posterolaterally from the motor hotspot by about 6 mm. Post-hoc analyses revealed that precisely targeting the coldspot elicited significantly stronger SIHI compared to targeting the motor hotspot. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that the TMS-based association-method for source-space mapping enables physiological investigation of the distinct neuronal populations that give rise to interhemispheric inhibition of the contralateral motor cortex versus motor evoked potentials in contralateral hand muscles. SIHI can be more effectively elicited by targeting the coldspot rather than the hotspot, a potentially relevant distinction when aiming to modify interhemispheric neural communication, e.g., in stroke rehabilitation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25002281TMSMotor mappingPrimary motor cortexShort-interval interhemispheric inhibitionAssociation algorithmE-field |
| spellingShingle | David Emanuel Vetter Andreas Jooß Tuomas P. Mutanen Gábor Kozák Ulf Ziemann Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspot Brain Stimulation TMS Motor mapping Primary motor cortex Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition Association algorithm E-field |
| title | Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspot |
| title_full | Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspot |
| title_fullStr | Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspot |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspot |
| title_short | Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspot |
| title_sort | short interval interhemispheric inhibition does not originate from the motor hotspot |
| topic | TMS Motor mapping Primary motor cortex Short-interval interhemispheric inhibition Association algorithm E-field |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25002281 |
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