Mother transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for Cannabis

Abstract Background Hairy root (HR) transformation assays mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, both in vitro and ex vitro, are essential tools in plant biotechnology and functional genomics. These assays can be significantly influenced by various factors, which ultimately can enhance the efficiency...

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Main Authors: Ladan Ajdanian, Davoud Torkamaneh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Biotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00990-6
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author Ladan Ajdanian
Davoud Torkamaneh
author_facet Ladan Ajdanian
Davoud Torkamaneh
author_sort Ladan Ajdanian
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Hairy root (HR) transformation assays mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, both in vitro and ex vitro, are essential tools in plant biotechnology and functional genomics. These assays can be significantly influenced by various factors, which ultimately can enhance the efficiency. In this study, we optimized a two-step ex vitro HR transformation method using the actual mother plant combined with the RUBY system and compared with existing methods. Results The two-step ex vitro method proved more efficient than both the one-step ex vitro and in vitro methods, with the highest transformation efficiency of 90% observed in the actual plant. This technique also demonstrated a faster and less complicated approach, reducing time to achieve massive transgenic HR formation by 9–29 days compared to other methods. Conclusions A novel, quicker, less complicated, and more efficient two-step transformation method for cannabis has been established, presenting a significantly lower risk of contamination. This protocol is particularly interesting to produce secondary metabolites using the CRISPR/Cas system in cannabis. We anticipate that this method will facilitate substantial time savings by rapidly producing hundreds of transformed samples.
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series BMC Biotechnology
spelling doaj-art-de529bc1fcb042aaa8f007dba824235a2025-08-20T03:03:28ZengBMCBMC Biotechnology1472-67502025-07-012511710.1186/s12896-025-00990-6Mother transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for CannabisLadan Ajdanian0Davoud Torkamaneh1Département de Phytologie, Université LavalDépartement de Phytologie, Université LavalAbstract Background Hairy root (HR) transformation assays mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, both in vitro and ex vitro, are essential tools in plant biotechnology and functional genomics. These assays can be significantly influenced by various factors, which ultimately can enhance the efficiency. In this study, we optimized a two-step ex vitro HR transformation method using the actual mother plant combined with the RUBY system and compared with existing methods. Results The two-step ex vitro method proved more efficient than both the one-step ex vitro and in vitro methods, with the highest transformation efficiency of 90% observed in the actual plant. This technique also demonstrated a faster and less complicated approach, reducing time to achieve massive transgenic HR formation by 9–29 days compared to other methods. Conclusions A novel, quicker, less complicated, and more efficient two-step transformation method for cannabis has been established, presenting a significantly lower risk of contamination. This protocol is particularly interesting to produce secondary metabolites using the CRISPR/Cas system in cannabis. We anticipate that this method will facilitate substantial time savings by rapidly producing hundreds of transformed samples.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00990-6Agrobacterium rhizogenesCRISPRin-vitroMother plantSecondary metabolite
spellingShingle Ladan Ajdanian
Davoud Torkamaneh
Mother transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for Cannabis
BMC Biotechnology
Agrobacterium rhizogenes
CRISPR
in-vitro
Mother plant
Secondary metabolite
title Mother transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for Cannabis
title_full Mother transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for Cannabis
title_fullStr Mother transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for Cannabis
title_full_unstemmed Mother transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for Cannabis
title_short Mother transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for Cannabis
title_sort mother transformer a high throughput cost effective in planta hairy root transformation method for cannabis
topic Agrobacterium rhizogenes
CRISPR
in-vitro
Mother plant
Secondary metabolite
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00990-6
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AT davoudtorkamaneh mothertransformerahighthroughputcosteffectiveinplantahairyroottransformationmethodforcannabis