Association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from China

Abstract This study examined the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns and preterm birth (PTB) subtypes using data from a registry system in Wuhan, China. A total of 57,138 women with live singleton births were included. Total GWG in the first and second trimesters was categoriz...

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Main Authors: Yiyang Guo, Kai Chen, Jin’e Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Zhiguo Xia, Yuji Wang, Xiaoxuan Fan, Xiaofeng Mu, Luli Xu, Chao Xiong, Aifen Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03995-5
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author Yiyang Guo
Kai Chen
Jin’e Zhang
Yiming Zhang
Zhiguo Xia
Yuji Wang
Xiaoxuan Fan
Xiaofeng Mu
Luli Xu
Chao Xiong
Aifen Zhou
author_facet Yiyang Guo
Kai Chen
Jin’e Zhang
Yiming Zhang
Zhiguo Xia
Yuji Wang
Xiaoxuan Fan
Xiaofeng Mu
Luli Xu
Chao Xiong
Aifen Zhou
author_sort Yiyang Guo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study examined the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns and preterm birth (PTB) subtypes using data from a registry system in Wuhan, China. A total of 57,138 women with live singleton births were included. Total GWG in the first and second trimesters was categorized as insufficient, appropriate, or excessive based on Chinese guidelines, and weekly early GWG (< 20 weeks; eGWG) was classified into Class I (< 100 g/week), Class II (100–399 g/week), and Class III (≥ 400 g/week). Multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the relationships between GWG patterns and PTB subtypes, including spontaneous PTB, medically indicated PTB, and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and adjusted for covariates such as age, education, pregnancy, parity, and offspring sex. Subgroup analyses were conducted by pre-pregnancy BMI categories (underweight: <18.5 kg/m², normal weight: 18.5–23.9 kg/m², overweight/obesity: ≥24 kg/m²). Results showed that underweight women with excessive GWG or Class III eGWG had increased risks of all PTB subtypes. Normal weight women with excessive or Class III eGWG, as well as insufficient or Class I eGWG, exhibited elevated risks for all PTB types. Overweight/obesity women with insufficient or Class I eGWG were at higher risks for spontaneous PTB and PPROM. These findings underscore the importance of optimal GWG across all BMI categories to mitigate PTB risks, highlighting the need for tailored prenatal weight management strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-de457c51694d47afa598d46e2f7a0ef02025-08-20T04:01:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-03995-5Association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from ChinaYiyang Guo0Kai Chen1Jin’e Zhang2Yiming Zhang3Zhiguo Xia4Yuji Wang5Xiaoxuan Fan6Xiaofeng Mu7Luli Xu8Chao Xiong9Aifen Zhou10Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & TechnologyAbstract This study examined the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns and preterm birth (PTB) subtypes using data from a registry system in Wuhan, China. A total of 57,138 women with live singleton births were included. Total GWG in the first and second trimesters was categorized as insufficient, appropriate, or excessive based on Chinese guidelines, and weekly early GWG (< 20 weeks; eGWG) was classified into Class I (< 100 g/week), Class II (100–399 g/week), and Class III (≥ 400 g/week). Multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the relationships between GWG patterns and PTB subtypes, including spontaneous PTB, medically indicated PTB, and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and adjusted for covariates such as age, education, pregnancy, parity, and offspring sex. Subgroup analyses were conducted by pre-pregnancy BMI categories (underweight: <18.5 kg/m², normal weight: 18.5–23.9 kg/m², overweight/obesity: ≥24 kg/m²). Results showed that underweight women with excessive GWG or Class III eGWG had increased risks of all PTB subtypes. Normal weight women with excessive or Class III eGWG, as well as insufficient or Class I eGWG, exhibited elevated risks for all PTB types. Overweight/obesity women with insufficient or Class I eGWG were at higher risks for spontaneous PTB and PPROM. These findings underscore the importance of optimal GWG across all BMI categories to mitigate PTB risks, highlighting the need for tailored prenatal weight management strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03995-5
spellingShingle Yiyang Guo
Kai Chen
Jin’e Zhang
Yiming Zhang
Zhiguo Xia
Yuji Wang
Xiaoxuan Fan
Xiaofeng Mu
Luli Xu
Chao Xiong
Aifen Zhou
Association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from China
Scientific Reports
title Association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from China
title_full Association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from China
title_fullStr Association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from China
title_full_unstemmed Association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from China
title_short Association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from China
title_sort association of gestational weight gain patterns with preterm birth subtypes in a population based cohort study from china
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03995-5
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