Facilitating sleep initiation in children with ADHD and sleep problems: a qualitative experience-based study

Abstract Background Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience significant sleep difficulties, which can impair daily functioning and exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Sleep-related challenges, such as difficulties with sleep initiation, not only affect the child but also...

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Main Authors: Mirjam Alvstrand, Maria Lönn, Petra Svedberg, Nygren, Ingrid Larsson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05964-3
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author Mirjam Alvstrand
Maria Lönn
Petra Svedberg
Nygren
Ingrid Larsson
author_facet Mirjam Alvstrand
Maria Lönn
Petra Svedberg
Nygren
Ingrid Larsson
author_sort Mirjam Alvstrand
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience significant sleep difficulties, which can impair daily functioning and exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Sleep-related challenges, such as difficulties with sleep initiation, not only affect the child but also disrupt family dynamics, thereby impacting general family well-being. Understanding the factors that facilitate better sleep initiation could provide valuable insights to inform the development of targeted interventions to support children with ADHD and associated sleep problems. Aim This study aimed to explore the experiences of facilitators supporting sleep initiation among children with ADHD and sleep problems. Method An exploratory, inductive qualitative design was used. Individual interviews were conducted with 21 children (11 boys and 10 girls) aged 6–12, diagnosed with ADHD and sleep problems. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, resulting in five subcategories and two main categories. Results The findings revealed that children with ADHD and sleep difficulties identified both behavioral and environmental factors that facilitate sleep initiation. Behavioral factors included engaging in physical exercise, regulating digital device use, and maintaining a balance between activity and rest. Environmental facilitators included a calming sleeping environment and the maintenance of consistent evening routines. The children highlighted the importance of individualized approaches to the integration of these strategies, to effectively support sleep initiation. Conclusions This study highlights the relevance of both behavioral and environmental aspects in supporting sleep initiation among children with ADHD. These exploratory findings may inform future research and practice by emphasizing the value of integrating children’s own perspectives and preferences when designing supportive strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-de4135bc560e48ebac742bc5a2e048d22025-08-20T04:03:07ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312025-08-0125111110.1186/s12887-025-05964-3Facilitating sleep initiation in children with ADHD and sleep problems: a qualitative experience-based studyMirjam Alvstrand0Maria Lönn1Petra Svedberg2Nygren3Ingrid Larsson4Department of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad UniversityDepartment of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad UniversityDepartment of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad UniversityDepartment of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad UniversityDepartment of Health and Care, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad UniversityAbstract Background Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience significant sleep difficulties, which can impair daily functioning and exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Sleep-related challenges, such as difficulties with sleep initiation, not only affect the child but also disrupt family dynamics, thereby impacting general family well-being. Understanding the factors that facilitate better sleep initiation could provide valuable insights to inform the development of targeted interventions to support children with ADHD and associated sleep problems. Aim This study aimed to explore the experiences of facilitators supporting sleep initiation among children with ADHD and sleep problems. Method An exploratory, inductive qualitative design was used. Individual interviews were conducted with 21 children (11 boys and 10 girls) aged 6–12, diagnosed with ADHD and sleep problems. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, resulting in five subcategories and two main categories. Results The findings revealed that children with ADHD and sleep difficulties identified both behavioral and environmental factors that facilitate sleep initiation. Behavioral factors included engaging in physical exercise, regulating digital device use, and maintaining a balance between activity and rest. Environmental facilitators included a calming sleeping environment and the maintenance of consistent evening routines. The children highlighted the importance of individualized approaches to the integration of these strategies, to effectively support sleep initiation. Conclusions This study highlights the relevance of both behavioral and environmental aspects in supporting sleep initiation among children with ADHD. These exploratory findings may inform future research and practice by emphasizing the value of integrating children’s own perspectives and preferences when designing supportive strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05964-3Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)ChildrenInterviewsQualitative content analysisSleep initiation
spellingShingle Mirjam Alvstrand
Maria Lönn
Petra Svedberg
Nygren
Ingrid Larsson
Facilitating sleep initiation in children with ADHD and sleep problems: a qualitative experience-based study
BMC Pediatrics
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Children
Interviews
Qualitative content analysis
Sleep initiation
title Facilitating sleep initiation in children with ADHD and sleep problems: a qualitative experience-based study
title_full Facilitating sleep initiation in children with ADHD and sleep problems: a qualitative experience-based study
title_fullStr Facilitating sleep initiation in children with ADHD and sleep problems: a qualitative experience-based study
title_full_unstemmed Facilitating sleep initiation in children with ADHD and sleep problems: a qualitative experience-based study
title_short Facilitating sleep initiation in children with ADHD and sleep problems: a qualitative experience-based study
title_sort facilitating sleep initiation in children with adhd and sleep problems a qualitative experience based study
topic Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Children
Interviews
Qualitative content analysis
Sleep initiation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05964-3
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