Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Malocclusion in primary dentition affects permanent dentition. However, the factors contributing to malocclusion in the oral cavities of children have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that environmental factors affect malocclusion in the primary de...

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Main Authors: Risa Ishiko, Kotaro Sena, Ichie Koseki, Masumi Sasai, Chiharu Ota, Takeyoshi Koseki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Children
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/254
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author Risa Ishiko
Kotaro Sena
Ichie Koseki
Masumi Sasai
Chiharu Ota
Takeyoshi Koseki
author_facet Risa Ishiko
Kotaro Sena
Ichie Koseki
Masumi Sasai
Chiharu Ota
Takeyoshi Koseki
author_sort Risa Ishiko
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Malocclusion in primary dentition affects permanent dentition. However, the factors contributing to malocclusion in the oral cavities of children have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that environmental factors affect malocclusion in the primary dentition of the Japanese population and aimed to identify factors associated with anterior occlusion in primary dentition. <b>Methods</b>: The study involved 3793 parent–child pairs from the Miyagi Regional Centre as part of a supplementary survey to the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a cohort study. A questionnaire assessing oral development and environmental factors was administered to parent-child pairs who consented to participate. Parents assessed anterior occlusion when their children were 3.5 years old. <b>Results</b>: The maxillary primary central incisors tended to erupt earlier in the open bite group. Significantly more children in this group were breastfed until 1 year and drank ionic beverages at 1.5 years. In addition, thumb sucking or pacifier use was significantly common at 2 years of age. A correlation was observed between the mother’s body mass index (BMI) before and after pregnancy and anterior occlusion. <b>Conclusions</b>: In the open bite group, the occlusion status of the anterior teeth at 3.5 years of age showed distinctive results influenced by the eruption period of the primary anterior teeth, oral habits, intake of sweetened beverages, and maternal BMI. These findings suggest that parental observation could be useful for screening children for malocclusion until the eruption of permanent dentition.
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spelling doaj-art-de3fd85c5cd84dd082eedc80c2dc80cc2025-08-20T02:44:42ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-02-0112225410.3390/children12020254Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children’s StudyRisa Ishiko0Kotaro Sena1Ichie Koseki2Masumi Sasai3Chiharu Ota4Takeyoshi Koseki5Department of Oral Supportive Care and Management, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDepartment of Oral Supportive Care and Management, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDepartment of Community Social Dentistry, Division of Preventive Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDepartment of Community Social Dentistry, Division of Preventive Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDepartment of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, JapanDepartment of Community Social Dentistry, Division of Preventive Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Malocclusion in primary dentition affects permanent dentition. However, the factors contributing to malocclusion in the oral cavities of children have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that environmental factors affect malocclusion in the primary dentition of the Japanese population and aimed to identify factors associated with anterior occlusion in primary dentition. <b>Methods</b>: The study involved 3793 parent–child pairs from the Miyagi Regional Centre as part of a supplementary survey to the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a cohort study. A questionnaire assessing oral development and environmental factors was administered to parent-child pairs who consented to participate. Parents assessed anterior occlusion when their children were 3.5 years old. <b>Results</b>: The maxillary primary central incisors tended to erupt earlier in the open bite group. Significantly more children in this group were breastfed until 1 year and drank ionic beverages at 1.5 years. In addition, thumb sucking or pacifier use was significantly common at 2 years of age. A correlation was observed between the mother’s body mass index (BMI) before and after pregnancy and anterior occlusion. <b>Conclusions</b>: In the open bite group, the occlusion status of the anterior teeth at 3.5 years of age showed distinctive results influenced by the eruption period of the primary anterior teeth, oral habits, intake of sweetened beverages, and maternal BMI. These findings suggest that parental observation could be useful for screening children for malocclusion until the eruption of permanent dentition.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/254cohort studymalocclusiondentition, primaryopen biteanterior occlusion
spellingShingle Risa Ishiko
Kotaro Sena
Ichie Koseki
Masumi Sasai
Chiharu Ota
Takeyoshi Koseki
Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Children
cohort study
malocclusion
dentition, primary
open bite
anterior occlusion
title Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
title_full Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
title_fullStr Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
title_full_unstemmed Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
title_short Elucidation of Factors Affecting Anterior Occlusion in Primary Dentition Based on the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
title_sort elucidation of factors affecting anterior occlusion in primary dentition based on the japan environment and children s study
topic cohort study
malocclusion
dentition, primary
open bite
anterior occlusion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/254
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