Parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of parental vaccine hesitancy towards routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan. Methods A web-based survey was conducted among 3,227 parents of children aged 0–11 years to assess vaccine-related h...

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Main Authors: Aya Saitoh, Yugo Shobugawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20845-7
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author Aya Saitoh
Yugo Shobugawa
author_facet Aya Saitoh
Yugo Shobugawa
author_sort Aya Saitoh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of parental vaccine hesitancy towards routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan. Methods A web-based survey was conducted among 3,227 parents of children aged 0–11 years to assess vaccine-related hesitancy for routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines for children using the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire. Data were collected from January 18 to 25, 2023. Covariates included demographic characteristics, economic status, COVID-19 infection status, decisional conflict scale, and the fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results Vaccine hesitancy was found to be 52.4% for routine infant immunizations and 73% for COVID-19 vaccines. Significant differences in parental attitudes were observed between general childhood vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines for 12 out of 13 PACV survey items. The COVID-19 vaccines showed higher hesitancy rates in 10 items; largest discrepancies were noticed in schedule adherence (22.5% vs 61%), overall hesitancy (40% vs 55.1%), and trust in pediatric doctors (37.2% vs 53.6%). Safety concerns were high for both vaccine types, exceeding 50%. Multivariable analysis identified decisional conflict (RR: 1.01 95% CI: 1.00–1.02) and COVID-19-related fear (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05) as hesitancy predictors for routine immunizations. Conclusion Vaccine-related hesitancy for COVID-19 was significantly higher than that for routine immunizations, with decisional conflict emerging as a primary predictor for both. Fear of COVID-19 was associated with routine immunization-related hesitancy. These findings provide critical insights for future pandemic preparedness and vaccine acceptance strategies, highlighting the importance of strengthening trust between healthcare providers and parents, providing clear and reliable information, and implementing decision support tools.
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spelling doaj-art-de3d5a55be944d348f69f8c817cea6b72025-08-20T02:38:35ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-11-0124111510.1186/s12889-024-20845-7Parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan: A cross-sectional studyAya Saitoh0Yugo Shobugawa1Department of Fundamental Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata UniversityDepartment of Active Ageing, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata UniversityAbstract Background This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of parental vaccine hesitancy towards routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan. Methods A web-based survey was conducted among 3,227 parents of children aged 0–11 years to assess vaccine-related hesitancy for routine infant immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines for children using the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire. Data were collected from January 18 to 25, 2023. Covariates included demographic characteristics, economic status, COVID-19 infection status, decisional conflict scale, and the fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results Vaccine hesitancy was found to be 52.4% for routine infant immunizations and 73% for COVID-19 vaccines. Significant differences in parental attitudes were observed between general childhood vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines for 12 out of 13 PACV survey items. The COVID-19 vaccines showed higher hesitancy rates in 10 items; largest discrepancies were noticed in schedule adherence (22.5% vs 61%), overall hesitancy (40% vs 55.1%), and trust in pediatric doctors (37.2% vs 53.6%). Safety concerns were high for both vaccine types, exceeding 50%. Multivariable analysis identified decisional conflict (RR: 1.01 95% CI: 1.00–1.02) and COVID-19-related fear (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05) as hesitancy predictors for routine immunizations. Conclusion Vaccine-related hesitancy for COVID-19 was significantly higher than that for routine immunizations, with decisional conflict emerging as a primary predictor for both. Fear of COVID-19 was associated with routine immunization-related hesitancy. These findings provide critical insights for future pandemic preparedness and vaccine acceptance strategies, highlighting the importance of strengthening trust between healthcare providers and parents, providing clear and reliable information, and implementing decision support tools.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20845-7Vaccine hesitancyCOVID-19 vaccineChildhood vaccineJapan
spellingShingle Aya Saitoh
Yugo Shobugawa
Parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan: A cross-sectional study
BMC Public Health
Vaccine hesitancy
COVID-19 vaccine
Childhood vaccine
Japan
title Parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan: A cross-sectional study
title_full Parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan: A cross-sectional study
title_short Parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines in Japan: A cross-sectional study
title_sort parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood immunizations and covid 19 vaccines in japan a cross sectional study
topic Vaccine hesitancy
COVID-19 vaccine
Childhood vaccine
Japan
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20845-7
work_keys_str_mv AT ayasaitoh parentalvaccinehesitancytowardroutinechildhoodimmunizationsandcovid19vaccinesinjapanacrosssectionalstudy
AT yugoshobugawa parentalvaccinehesitancytowardroutinechildhoodimmunizationsandcovid19vaccinesinjapanacrosssectionalstudy