The Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Core as a Gel-Forming Material: Current Status and Untapped Potential

The diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core is widely recognized for its applications in organic electronics and photonics due to its exceptional electronic and optical properties. Recently, DPP-based materials have shown remarkable π–π stacking interactions and tunable self-assembly, making them promising...

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Main Authors: Abelardo Sánchez-Oliva, Iván Torres-Moya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Gels
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/2/134
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author Abelardo Sánchez-Oliva
Iván Torres-Moya
author_facet Abelardo Sánchez-Oliva
Iván Torres-Moya
author_sort Abelardo Sánchez-Oliva
collection DOAJ
description The diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core is widely recognized for its applications in organic electronics and photonics due to its exceptional electronic and optical properties. Recently, DPP-based materials have shown remarkable π–π stacking interactions and tunable self-assembly, making them promising candidates for gel formation. However, the development of DPP-based gels remains in its infancy, primarily hindered by challenges such as limited gelation efficiency, poor mechanical robustness, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Overcoming these issues is crucial for unlocking their full potential in functional soft materials. This review compiles and analyzes existing studies on DPP-containing gel systems, highlighting their structural versatility, self-assembly mechanisms, and advantages over conventional gelators. By examining these works, we identify key strategies for DPP gel formation, evaluate their physicochemical performance, and discuss innovative approaches to address current limitations. Finally, we propose future research directions to advance the field and establish DPP-based gels as a robust platform for next-generation soft materials.
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spelling doaj-art-de2d34be332e4ff4b19d0c7825e738d82025-08-20T02:44:32ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-02-0111213410.3390/gels11020134The Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Core as a Gel-Forming Material: Current Status and Untapped PotentialAbelardo Sánchez-Oliva0Iván Torres-Moya1Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technologies, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainDepartment of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technologies, Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainThe diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core is widely recognized for its applications in organic electronics and photonics due to its exceptional electronic and optical properties. Recently, DPP-based materials have shown remarkable π–π stacking interactions and tunable self-assembly, making them promising candidates for gel formation. However, the development of DPP-based gels remains in its infancy, primarily hindered by challenges such as limited gelation efficiency, poor mechanical robustness, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Overcoming these issues is crucial for unlocking their full potential in functional soft materials. This review compiles and analyzes existing studies on DPP-containing gel systems, highlighting their structural versatility, self-assembly mechanisms, and advantages over conventional gelators. By examining these works, we identify key strategies for DPP gel formation, evaluate their physicochemical performance, and discuss innovative approaches to address current limitations. Finally, we propose future research directions to advance the field and establish DPP-based gels as a robust platform for next-generation soft materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/2/134gelsdiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)
spellingShingle Abelardo Sánchez-Oliva
Iván Torres-Moya
The Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Core as a Gel-Forming Material: Current Status and Untapped Potential
Gels
gels
diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)
title The Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Core as a Gel-Forming Material: Current Status and Untapped Potential
title_full The Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Core as a Gel-Forming Material: Current Status and Untapped Potential
title_fullStr The Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Core as a Gel-Forming Material: Current Status and Untapped Potential
title_full_unstemmed The Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Core as a Gel-Forming Material: Current Status and Untapped Potential
title_short The Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Core as a Gel-Forming Material: Current Status and Untapped Potential
title_sort diketopyrrolopyrrole dpp core as a gel forming material current status and untapped potential
topic gels
diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/2/134
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