Young Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula: Near-infrared Variability and Spectroscopy
We present a catalog of 652 young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Carina star-forming region. The catalog was constructed by combining near-infrared K _S -band variability from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea eXtended survey and medium-resolution H -band spectroscopy from APOGEE-2, Sloan Digital...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adeb7d |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850073963588222976 |
|---|---|
| author | Jura Borissova Radostin Kurtev Josemanuel Escobar Javier Alonso-García Nicolas Medina Javier Osses Zhen Guo Philip W. Lucas Michael Kuhn Dante Minniti Kevin R. Covey Roberto K. Saito Francisco Förster |
| author_facet | Jura Borissova Radostin Kurtev Josemanuel Escobar Javier Alonso-García Nicolas Medina Javier Osses Zhen Guo Philip W. Lucas Michael Kuhn Dante Minniti Kevin R. Covey Roberto K. Saito Francisco Förster |
| author_sort | Jura Borissova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a catalog of 652 young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Carina star-forming region. The catalog was constructed by combining near-infrared K _S -band variability from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea eXtended survey and medium-resolution H -band spectroscopy from APOGEE-2, Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). Variability analysis of 6.35 million sources identified 606 variable stars. The classification of the spectral lines by semisupervised K-means clustering of 704 stars, refined through comparison with known catalogs in literature and visual inspection of the spectra, was performed. Combined with K _S variability, the final catalog contains three groups: Emission-line YSOs, Absorption-line YSOs, and Literature/Variable-identified YSOs. Cross validation with the Gaia DR3 proper motion and distance estimates supports Carina membership for 415 sources. The statistical characterization of YSO variability demonstrated that most Carina members (78%) exhibit variability patterns. Of these, 134 stars show emissions in their spectra, which is consistent with some accretion processes. Analysis of fundamental stellar parameters from StarHorse and Gaia DR3 reveals typical distributions of YSOs, dominated by low-mass (1–4 M _⊙ ), solar-metallicity stars with temperatures between 4000 and 6000 K. Only a small fraction (4%) of the sources are more massive than 4 M _⊙ , suggesting limited ongoing massive star formation in Carina. This well-characterized catalog also offers a robust training data set for machine learning applications aimed at predicting YSO behavior. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de238f64f44740fdb6bb4b53ef684096 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-de238f64f44740fdb6bb4b53ef6840962025-08-20T02:46:40ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01170313510.3847/1538-3881/adeb7dYoung Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula: Near-infrared Variability and SpectroscopyJura Borissova0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-7718Radostin Kurtev1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-9974Josemanuel Escobar2Javier Alonso-García3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3496-3772Nicolas Medina4Javier Osses5https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6769-7075Zhen Guo6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-4832Philip W. Lucas7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8872-4462Michael Kuhn8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-7514Dante Minniti9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7064-099XKevin R. Covey10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6914-7797Roberto K. Saito11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-8648Francisco Förster12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3459-2270Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso , Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 5030, Chile ; jura.borissova@uv.cl; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, ChileInstituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso , Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 5030, Chile ; jura.borissova@uv.cl; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, ChileInstituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso , Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 5030, Chile ; jura.borissova@uv.clCentro de Astronomía (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta , Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta, ChileMillennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, ChileInstituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso , Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 5030, Chile ; jura.borissova@uv.cl; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, ChileInstituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso , Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 5030, Chile ; jura.borissova@uv.cl; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, ChileCentre for Astrophysics, University of Hertfordshire , College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UKCentre for Astrophysics, University of Hertfordshire , College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UKDepartamento de Física y Astronomía, Universidad Andés Bello , Av. Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Specola Vaticana , Vatican Observatory, Castelgandolfo, V00120 Stato Citta Vaticano, ItalyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University , Bellingham, WA, USADepartamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Trindade 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, BrazilMillennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Casilla 36D, Santiago, Chile; Data and Artificial Intelligence Initiative (IDIA), Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Chile , Chile; Center for Mathematical Modeling, Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, ChileWe present a catalog of 652 young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Carina star-forming region. The catalog was constructed by combining near-infrared K _S -band variability from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea eXtended survey and medium-resolution H -band spectroscopy from APOGEE-2, Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). Variability analysis of 6.35 million sources identified 606 variable stars. The classification of the spectral lines by semisupervised K-means clustering of 704 stars, refined through comparison with known catalogs in literature and visual inspection of the spectra, was performed. Combined with K _S variability, the final catalog contains three groups: Emission-line YSOs, Absorption-line YSOs, and Literature/Variable-identified YSOs. Cross validation with the Gaia DR3 proper motion and distance estimates supports Carina membership for 415 sources. The statistical characterization of YSO variability demonstrated that most Carina members (78%) exhibit variability patterns. Of these, 134 stars show emissions in their spectra, which is consistent with some accretion processes. Analysis of fundamental stellar parameters from StarHorse and Gaia DR3 reveals typical distributions of YSOs, dominated by low-mass (1–4 M _⊙ ), solar-metallicity stars with temperatures between 4000 and 6000 K. Only a small fraction (4%) of the sources are more massive than 4 M _⊙ , suggesting limited ongoing massive star formation in Carina. This well-characterized catalog also offers a robust training data set for machine learning applications aimed at predicting YSO behavior.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adeb7dYoung stellar objectsStar forming regionsPeriodic variable starsIrregular variable starsHerbig Ae/Be stars |
| spellingShingle | Jura Borissova Radostin Kurtev Josemanuel Escobar Javier Alonso-García Nicolas Medina Javier Osses Zhen Guo Philip W. Lucas Michael Kuhn Dante Minniti Kevin R. Covey Roberto K. Saito Francisco Förster Young Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula: Near-infrared Variability and Spectroscopy The Astronomical Journal Young stellar objects Star forming regions Periodic variable stars Irregular variable stars Herbig Ae/Be stars |
| title | Young Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula: Near-infrared Variability and Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Young Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula: Near-infrared Variability and Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Young Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula: Near-infrared Variability and Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Young Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula: Near-infrared Variability and Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Young Stellar Objects in the Carina Nebula: Near-infrared Variability and Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | young stellar objects in the carina nebula near infrared variability and spectroscopy |
| topic | Young stellar objects Star forming regions Periodic variable stars Irregular variable stars Herbig Ae/Be stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adeb7d |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juraborissova youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT radostinkurtev youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT josemanuelescobar youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT javieralonsogarcia youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT nicolasmedina youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT javierosses youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT zhenguo youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT philipwlucas youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT michaelkuhn youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT danteminniti youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT kevinrcovey youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT robertoksaito youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy AT franciscoforster youngstellarobjectsinthecarinanebulanearinfraredvariabilityandspectroscopy |