Association between combination COVID-19-influenza vaccination and long COVID in middle-aged and older Europeans: A cross-sectional study

The potential impact of combined COVID-19 and influenza vaccination on long COVID remains uncertain. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the plausible association between them in middle-aged and older Europeans based on the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe...

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Main Authors: Wenyan Wu, Xiaowei Zheng, Huan Ding, Tongtong Miao, Yuhan Zang, Suwen Shen, Yumeng Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2345505
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author Wenyan Wu
Xiaowei Zheng
Huan Ding
Tongtong Miao
Yuhan Zang
Suwen Shen
Yumeng Gao
author_facet Wenyan Wu
Xiaowei Zheng
Huan Ding
Tongtong Miao
Yuhan Zang
Suwen Shen
Yumeng Gao
author_sort Wenyan Wu
collection DOAJ
description The potential impact of combined COVID-19 and influenza vaccination on long COVID remains uncertain. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the plausible association between them in middle-aged and older Europeans based on the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A total of 1910 participants were recruited in the analyses. The study outcome was long COVID. Participants were divided into 4 groups through the self-reported status of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. 1397 participants experienced long COVID. After multivariable adjustment, those vaccinated with neither COVID-19 nor influenza vaccine had higher risk of long COVID (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.26–2.35) compared to those vaccinated with both vaccines. Furthermore, adding the 4 statuses of COVID-19 vaccination/influenza vaccination to conventional risk model improved risk reclassification for long COVID (continuous net reclassification improvement was 16.26% [p = .003], and integrated discrimination improvement was 0.51% [p = .005]). No heterogeneity was found in the subgroup analyses (all p-interaction ≥0.05). Our study might provide a strategy for people aged 50 and over to reduce the occurrence of long COVID, that is, to combine the use of the COVID-19 vaccine and influenza vaccines.
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spelling doaj-art-de2383ab752d4ede8e28a0348c04597e2025-08-20T03:12:41ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2024-12-0120110.1080/21645515.2024.2345505Association between combination COVID-19-influenza vaccination and long COVID in middle-aged and older Europeans: A cross-sectional studyWenyan Wu0Xiaowei Zheng1Huan Ding2Tongtong Miao3Yuhan Zang4Suwen Shen5Yumeng Gao6Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, ChinaPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Chronic Infectious Disease Control, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University,Wuxi, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Health Promotion and Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Wuzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Medical Administration, Suzhou Industrial Park Medical and Health Management Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Acute Infectious Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, ChinaThe potential impact of combined COVID-19 and influenza vaccination on long COVID remains uncertain. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the plausible association between them in middle-aged and older Europeans based on the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A total of 1910 participants were recruited in the analyses. The study outcome was long COVID. Participants were divided into 4 groups through the self-reported status of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. 1397 participants experienced long COVID. After multivariable adjustment, those vaccinated with neither COVID-19 nor influenza vaccine had higher risk of long COVID (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.26–2.35) compared to those vaccinated with both vaccines. Furthermore, adding the 4 statuses of COVID-19 vaccination/influenza vaccination to conventional risk model improved risk reclassification for long COVID (continuous net reclassification improvement was 16.26% [p = .003], and integrated discrimination improvement was 0.51% [p = .005]). No heterogeneity was found in the subgroup analyses (all p-interaction ≥0.05). Our study might provide a strategy for people aged 50 and over to reduce the occurrence of long COVID, that is, to combine the use of the COVID-19 vaccine and influenza vaccines.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2345505COVID-19 vaccineinfluenza vaccinecombined uselong COVIDSurvey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe
spellingShingle Wenyan Wu
Xiaowei Zheng
Huan Ding
Tongtong Miao
Yuhan Zang
Suwen Shen
Yumeng Gao
Association between combination COVID-19-influenza vaccination and long COVID in middle-aged and older Europeans: A cross-sectional study
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
COVID-19 vaccine
influenza vaccine
combined use
long COVID
Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe
title Association between combination COVID-19-influenza vaccination and long COVID in middle-aged and older Europeans: A cross-sectional study
title_full Association between combination COVID-19-influenza vaccination and long COVID in middle-aged and older Europeans: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Association between combination COVID-19-influenza vaccination and long COVID in middle-aged and older Europeans: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Association between combination COVID-19-influenza vaccination and long COVID in middle-aged and older Europeans: A cross-sectional study
title_short Association between combination COVID-19-influenza vaccination and long COVID in middle-aged and older Europeans: A cross-sectional study
title_sort association between combination covid 19 influenza vaccination and long covid in middle aged and older europeans a cross sectional study
topic COVID-19 vaccine
influenza vaccine
combined use
long COVID
Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2345505
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