Amine modified sodium alginate: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Alginate is a natural linear anionic biopolymer abundantly found in the seabed. Alginate becomes an adequate option as a diet improver or drug/gene carrier through chemical modification processes and changes in its structure. This study modified a simple sodium alginate by oxidation and reductive am...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925000386 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823864281046712320 |
|---|---|
| author | Samira Salarvand Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani Alireza Allafchian |
| author_facet | Samira Salarvand Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani Alireza Allafchian |
| author_sort | Samira Salarvand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alginate is a natural linear anionic biopolymer abundantly found in the seabed. Alginate becomes an adequate option as a diet improver or drug/gene carrier through chemical modification processes and changes in its structure. This study modified a simple sodium alginate by oxidation and reductive amination processes. The characteristics of modified sodium alginate were evaluated by FTIR, XRD, zeta potential, FE-SEM, EDX, and MAP analysis. Its cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay. Finally, its effects were assessed orally in rainbow trout (3 ± 0.3 g) for 6 weeks at 2 levels (2.5 and 5 g kg-1). The characterization showed that the chemical modification process was successful, and amine groups were incorporated into the alginate structure. The amount of amine added to modified sodium alginate was 2.53 % based on EDX. MTT results showed no cytotoxicity for modified alginate. The in vivo results showed that amine-modified alginate treatments significantly increased non-specific immune parameters, including lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity, and serum bactericidal activity, and also enhanced intestinal bacterial population compared with the control and simple alginate treatments (P < 0.05). Administration of 2.5 and 5 g kg-1 modified alginate significantly increased FCR (0.84±0.01 and 0.83±0.04, respectively) and other growth parameters compared with other experimental groups (P < 0.05). Also, after being challenged by ozone, amine-modified alginate fish groups showed the highest relative percent survival (RPS) values (75 %, 90 %). This improvement can be attributed to the modified alginate's nature and the amine groups' role in its structure. Therefore, amine-modified alginate can be suggested as an immunostimulant. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de15662a49534b3091b0e599863cf73a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-8939 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications |
| spelling | doaj-art-de15662a49534b3091b0e599863cf73a2025-02-09T05:01:36ZengElsevierCarbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications2666-89392025-03-019100699Amine modified sodium alginate: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)Samira Salarvand0Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali1Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani2Alireza Allafchian3Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156–83111, IranDepartment of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156–83111, Iran; Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156–83111, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156–83111, IranResearch Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156–83111, Iran; Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156–83111, IranAlginate is a natural linear anionic biopolymer abundantly found in the seabed. Alginate becomes an adequate option as a diet improver or drug/gene carrier through chemical modification processes and changes in its structure. This study modified a simple sodium alginate by oxidation and reductive amination processes. The characteristics of modified sodium alginate were evaluated by FTIR, XRD, zeta potential, FE-SEM, EDX, and MAP analysis. Its cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay. Finally, its effects were assessed orally in rainbow trout (3 ± 0.3 g) for 6 weeks at 2 levels (2.5 and 5 g kg-1). The characterization showed that the chemical modification process was successful, and amine groups were incorporated into the alginate structure. The amount of amine added to modified sodium alginate was 2.53 % based on EDX. MTT results showed no cytotoxicity for modified alginate. The in vivo results showed that amine-modified alginate treatments significantly increased non-specific immune parameters, including lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity, and serum bactericidal activity, and also enhanced intestinal bacterial population compared with the control and simple alginate treatments (P < 0.05). Administration of 2.5 and 5 g kg-1 modified alginate significantly increased FCR (0.84±0.01 and 0.83±0.04, respectively) and other growth parameters compared with other experimental groups (P < 0.05). Also, after being challenged by ozone, amine-modified alginate fish groups showed the highest relative percent survival (RPS) values (75 %, 90 %). This improvement can be attributed to the modified alginate's nature and the amine groups' role in its structure. Therefore, amine-modified alginate can be suggested as an immunostimulant.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925000386Sodium alginateOxidationAminationImmunostimulantRainbow trout |
| spellingShingle | Samira Salarvand Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani Alireza Allafchian Amine modified sodium alginate: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications Sodium alginate Oxidation Amination Immunostimulant Rainbow trout |
| title | Amine modified sodium alginate: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
| title_full | Amine modified sodium alginate: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
| title_fullStr | Amine modified sodium alginate: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amine modified sodium alginate: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
| title_short | Amine modified sodium alginate: Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
| title_sort | amine modified sodium alginate synthesis characterization and in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss |
| topic | Sodium alginate Oxidation Amination Immunostimulant Rainbow trout |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925000386 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT samirasalarvand aminemodifiedsodiumalginatesynthesischaracterizationandinvivoevaluationinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykiss AT seyedamirhosseinjalali aminemodifiedsodiumalginatesynthesischaracterizationandinvivoevaluationinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykiss AT nasrollahmahboobisoofiani aminemodifiedsodiumalginatesynthesischaracterizationandinvivoevaluationinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykiss AT alirezaallafchian aminemodifiedsodiumalginatesynthesischaracterizationandinvivoevaluationinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykiss |