Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies of Two New Hydrazone Derivatives
Throughout history to the present day, infectious diseases have been a persistent global threat, causing significant harm to public health and economic stability. To address these challenges, the development of novel antimicrobial drugs is crucial. Hydrazones have gained significant attention in the...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Hamza Karimatu Idris Abdullahi Yunusa Muhammad Aliyu Musa Hamza Asmau Nasiru Hamza Sa’adatu Auwal Abdullahi Maryam |
| author_facet | Hamza Karimatu Idris Abdullahi Yunusa Muhammad Aliyu Musa Hamza Asmau Nasiru Hamza Sa’adatu Auwal Abdullahi Maryam |
| author_sort | Hamza Karimatu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Throughout history to the present day, infectious diseases have been a persistent global threat, causing significant harm to public health and economic stability. To address these challenges, the development of novel antimicrobial drugs is crucial. Hydrazones have gained significant attention in the scientific literature as promising candidates for developing new antimicrobial drugs. Two new hydrazones (H3 and H4) incorporating moieties that are known to enhance antimicrobial activity were synthesized. Methods: Hydrazone derivatives were synthesized through a condensation reaction of substituted acetophenone and nitro phenyl hydrazine. The compounds were characterized by their melting points and spectral analyses, including FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and 2D NMR. Their antibacterial effects on <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were assessed in-vitro using the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. Results: In-vitro testing demonstrated the compounds’ good activity against the tested organisms, particularly Gram-positive bacteria. At a concentration of 50 mg/mL, H3 produced a zone of inhibition (19 mm) comparable to that of the standard ciprofloxacin (20 mm) at 0.05 mg/mL. Only H3 was able to kill both <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. In all cases, H3 was found to be the most effective with optimum bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against staphylococcus aureus and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Conclusions: All the synthesized compounds were proven to possess promising antibacterial activity in vitro against the tested organisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-de138a3348b3402ea7ae47204e9c2f54 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Chemistry Proceedings |
| spelling | doaj-art-de138a3348b3402ea7ae47204e9c2f542025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGChemistry Proceedings2673-45832024-11-0116111810.3390/ecsoc-28-20138Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies of Two New Hydrazone DerivativesHamza Karimatu0Idris Abdullahi Yunusa1Muhammad Aliyu Musa2Hamza Asmau Nasiru3Hamza Sa’adatu Auwal4Abdullahi Maryam5Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria 810107, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria 810107, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria 810107, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria 810107, NigeriaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria 810107, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria 810107, NigeriaThroughout history to the present day, infectious diseases have been a persistent global threat, causing significant harm to public health and economic stability. To address these challenges, the development of novel antimicrobial drugs is crucial. Hydrazones have gained significant attention in the scientific literature as promising candidates for developing new antimicrobial drugs. Two new hydrazones (H3 and H4) incorporating moieties that are known to enhance antimicrobial activity were synthesized. Methods: Hydrazone derivatives were synthesized through a condensation reaction of substituted acetophenone and nitro phenyl hydrazine. The compounds were characterized by their melting points and spectral analyses, including FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and 2D NMR. Their antibacterial effects on <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were assessed in-vitro using the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. Results: In-vitro testing demonstrated the compounds’ good activity against the tested organisms, particularly Gram-positive bacteria. At a concentration of 50 mg/mL, H3 produced a zone of inhibition (19 mm) comparable to that of the standard ciprofloxacin (20 mm) at 0.05 mg/mL. Only H3 was able to kill both <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. In all cases, H3 was found to be the most effective with optimum bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against staphylococcus aureus and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Conclusions: All the synthesized compounds were proven to possess promising antibacterial activity in vitro against the tested organisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4583/16/1/118synthesisantibacterialin-vitrohydrazones |
| spellingShingle | Hamza Karimatu Idris Abdullahi Yunusa Muhammad Aliyu Musa Hamza Asmau Nasiru Hamza Sa’adatu Auwal Abdullahi Maryam Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies of Two New Hydrazone Derivatives Chemistry Proceedings synthesis antibacterial in-vitro hydrazones |
| title | Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies of Two New Hydrazone Derivatives |
| title_full | Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies of Two New Hydrazone Derivatives |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies of Two New Hydrazone Derivatives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies of Two New Hydrazone Derivatives |
| title_short | Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies of Two New Hydrazone Derivatives |
| title_sort | synthesis and in vitro antibacterial studies of two new hydrazone derivatives |
| topic | synthesis antibacterial in-vitro hydrazones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4583/16/1/118 |
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