Effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high-parity sows

Appropriate nutritional strategies show promise for enhancing productive performance and longevity of sows. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased energy and amino acids (AA) intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood parameters, placental nutrient t...

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Main Authors: Liang Hu, Jie Zheng, Fali Wu, Zhengfeng Fang, Lianqiang Che, De Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1585925/full
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author Liang Hu
Liang Hu
Jie Zheng
Fali Wu
Zhengfeng Fang
Zhengfeng Fang
Lianqiang Che
De Wu
author_facet Liang Hu
Liang Hu
Jie Zheng
Fali Wu
Zhengfeng Fang
Zhengfeng Fang
Lianqiang Che
De Wu
author_sort Liang Hu
collection DOAJ
description Appropriate nutritional strategies show promise for enhancing productive performance and longevity of sows. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased energy and amino acids (AA) intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood parameters, placental nutrient transport and antioxidant capacity of high-parity sows. A total of 72 Landrace × Yorkshire sows (seventh to ninth parity) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments consisting of combinations of 2 energy levels and 2 AA levels in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Blood and milk samples and placentas from sows were collected to measure biochemistry parameters, milk composition, antioxidant indexes, and indicators related to nutrient transport. The results showed that sows fed high energy reduced the number of live born piglets (p < 0.05), increased the birth weight of piglets (p < 0.05). Further observation showed that sows fed high energy decreased plasma progesterone at 30 and 60 days of gestation and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) at 90 days of gestation (p < 0.05), increased fat content in colostrum and average daily weight gain of piglets during lactation (p < 0.05). Moreover, high energy intake during gestation decreased mRNA expression of GPX and increased mRNA expression of glucose transporter 3 in the placenta (p < 0.05). High AA intake during gestation showed a tendency to increase litter birth weight and colostrum protein content (p < 0.10), and increased plasma urea nitrogen at day 110 of gestation and plasma T-SOD at day 90 of gestation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, sows fed high AA intake during gestation increased mRNA expressions of placental extracellular SOD and sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sows feed high energy during gestation negatively impacted fetal survival by reducing progesterone concentrations and antioxidant capacity, while simultaneously increasing piglet birth weight through enhanced placental nutrient transport. Moreover, sows received high AA during gestation exhibited better redox status and improved litter performance, which can be attributed to enhancements in antioxidant capacity and colostrum composition.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Veterinary Science
spelling doaj-art-de12fa2bd6cf4f769923309047f03d492025-08-20T02:19:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-04-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15859251585925Effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high-parity sowsLiang Hu0Liang Hu1Jie Zheng2Fali Wu3Zhengfeng Fang4Zhengfeng Fang5Lianqiang Che6De Wu7Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition Health (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition Health (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaAppropriate nutritional strategies show promise for enhancing productive performance and longevity of sows. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased energy and amino acids (AA) intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood parameters, placental nutrient transport and antioxidant capacity of high-parity sows. A total of 72 Landrace × Yorkshire sows (seventh to ninth parity) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments consisting of combinations of 2 energy levels and 2 AA levels in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Blood and milk samples and placentas from sows were collected to measure biochemistry parameters, milk composition, antioxidant indexes, and indicators related to nutrient transport. The results showed that sows fed high energy reduced the number of live born piglets (p < 0.05), increased the birth weight of piglets (p < 0.05). Further observation showed that sows fed high energy decreased plasma progesterone at 30 and 60 days of gestation and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) at 90 days of gestation (p < 0.05), increased fat content in colostrum and average daily weight gain of piglets during lactation (p < 0.05). Moreover, high energy intake during gestation decreased mRNA expression of GPX and increased mRNA expression of glucose transporter 3 in the placenta (p < 0.05). High AA intake during gestation showed a tendency to increase litter birth weight and colostrum protein content (p < 0.10), and increased plasma urea nitrogen at day 110 of gestation and plasma T-SOD at day 90 of gestation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, sows fed high AA intake during gestation increased mRNA expressions of placental extracellular SOD and sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sows feed high energy during gestation negatively impacted fetal survival by reducing progesterone concentrations and antioxidant capacity, while simultaneously increasing piglet birth weight through enhanced placental nutrient transport. Moreover, sows received high AA during gestation exhibited better redox status and improved litter performance, which can be attributed to enhancements in antioxidant capacity and colostrum composition.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1585925/fullenergyamino acidsfetal survivalantioxidanthigh-parity sows
spellingShingle Liang Hu
Liang Hu
Jie Zheng
Fali Wu
Zhengfeng Fang
Zhengfeng Fang
Lianqiang Che
De Wu
Effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high-parity sows
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
energy
amino acids
fetal survival
antioxidant
high-parity sows
title Effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high-parity sows
title_full Effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high-parity sows
title_fullStr Effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high-parity sows
title_full_unstemmed Effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high-parity sows
title_short Effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high-parity sows
title_sort effects of energy and amino acid intake during gestation on reproductive performance milk composition antioxidant status and placental nutrient transport in high parity sows
topic energy
amino acids
fetal survival
antioxidant
high-parity sows
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1585925/full
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