Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan

This study investigates the virulence properties and pathogenetic characteristics of the Kazakhstani strain of LSDV (LSDV KZ-Kostanay-2018) in indigenous cattle under controlled conditions. Twelve non-breed cattle were inoculated intradermally and monitored for clinical, pathological, and immunologi...

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Main Authors: Lespek Kutumbetov, Ainur Ragatova, Moldir Azanbekova, Balzhan Myrzakhmetova, Nurbek Aldayarov, Kuandyk Zhugunissov, Yergali Abduraimov, Raikhan Nissanova, Asylay Sarzhigitova, Nazerke Kemalova, Arman Issimov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Pathogens
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/6/577
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author Lespek Kutumbetov
Ainur Ragatova
Moldir Azanbekova
Balzhan Myrzakhmetova
Nurbek Aldayarov
Kuandyk Zhugunissov
Yergali Abduraimov
Raikhan Nissanova
Asylay Sarzhigitova
Nazerke Kemalova
Arman Issimov
author_facet Lespek Kutumbetov
Ainur Ragatova
Moldir Azanbekova
Balzhan Myrzakhmetova
Nurbek Aldayarov
Kuandyk Zhugunissov
Yergali Abduraimov
Raikhan Nissanova
Asylay Sarzhigitova
Nazerke Kemalova
Arman Issimov
author_sort Lespek Kutumbetov
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the virulence properties and pathogenetic characteristics of the Kazakhstani strain of LSDV (LSDV KZ-Kostanay-2018) in indigenous cattle under controlled conditions. Twelve non-breed cattle were inoculated intradermally and monitored for clinical, pathological, and immunological responses. Clinical signs, including fever, skin nodules, and lymphadenopathy, emerged as early as day 5 post-infection (pi), with peak severity observed between days 11 and 14. Rapid seroconversion was observed, with 100% of animals showing virus-neutralizing antibodies by day 13. Pathological findings revealed extensive necrosis, thrombosis, and edema, with pronounced damage in the spleen, lungs, and lymph nodes. Histological analyses identified widespread destructive changes in the dermis and systemic tissues, consistent with highly aggressive disease progression. Viral genome and replication were confirmed in blood, skin nodules, and lymph nodes, with peak viral loads between days 11 and 14 pi. These results align with findings in Russian cattle infected with the Saratov/2017 strain but demonstrate more rapid symptom onset and severe pathology, suggesting strain-specific virulence. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of LSDV pathogenesis and underscore the importance of regional adaptations in disease management.
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spelling doaj-art-de122cb98d9f41a782dce4eeaa70d42a2025-08-20T02:21:49ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-06-0114657710.3390/pathogens14060577Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in KazakhstanLespek Kutumbetov0Ainur Ragatova1Moldir Azanbekova2Balzhan Myrzakhmetova3Nurbek Aldayarov4Kuandyk Zhugunissov5Yergali Abduraimov6Raikhan Nissanova7Asylay Sarzhigitova8Nazerke Kemalova9Arman Issimov10Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, KazakhstanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay 110000, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, KazakhstanDepartment of Biology, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek 720042, KyrgyzstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080423, KazakhstanQazBioPharm National Holding, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Virology, Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Almaty 050016, KazakhstanDepartment of Biology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, KazakhstanDepartment of Biology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, KazakhstanDepartment of Biology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, KazakhstanThis study investigates the virulence properties and pathogenetic characteristics of the Kazakhstani strain of LSDV (LSDV KZ-Kostanay-2018) in indigenous cattle under controlled conditions. Twelve non-breed cattle were inoculated intradermally and monitored for clinical, pathological, and immunological responses. Clinical signs, including fever, skin nodules, and lymphadenopathy, emerged as early as day 5 post-infection (pi), with peak severity observed between days 11 and 14. Rapid seroconversion was observed, with 100% of animals showing virus-neutralizing antibodies by day 13. Pathological findings revealed extensive necrosis, thrombosis, and edema, with pronounced damage in the spleen, lungs, and lymph nodes. Histological analyses identified widespread destructive changes in the dermis and systemic tissues, consistent with highly aggressive disease progression. Viral genome and replication were confirmed in blood, skin nodules, and lymph nodes, with peak viral loads between days 11 and 14 pi. These results align with findings in Russian cattle infected with the Saratov/2017 strain but demonstrate more rapid symptom onset and severe pathology, suggesting strain-specific virulence. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of LSDV pathogenesis and underscore the importance of regional adaptations in disease management.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/6/577lumpy skin diseaseLSDVexperimental inoculationKazakhstan
spellingShingle Lespek Kutumbetov
Ainur Ragatova
Moldir Azanbekova
Balzhan Myrzakhmetova
Nurbek Aldayarov
Kuandyk Zhugunissov
Yergali Abduraimov
Raikhan Nissanova
Asylay Sarzhigitova
Nazerke Kemalova
Arman Issimov
Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan
Pathogens
lumpy skin disease
LSDV
experimental inoculation
Kazakhstan
title Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan
title_full Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan
title_fullStr Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan
title_short Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan
title_sort investigation of the pathogenesis of lumpy skin disease virus in indigenous cattle in kazakhstan
topic lumpy skin disease
LSDV
experimental inoculation
Kazakhstan
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/6/577
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