Seismic Resilience and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Steel and Reinforced Structures

This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of seismic resilience and sustainability between steel and reinforced concrete structures. With growing demand for environmentally responsible and disaster-resilient infrastructure, evaluating the life cycle performance of construction materia...

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Main Authors: Hasan Mostafaei, Morteza Ashoori Barmchi, Hadi Bahmani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/10/1613
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author Hasan Mostafaei
Morteza Ashoori Barmchi
Hadi Bahmani
author_facet Hasan Mostafaei
Morteza Ashoori Barmchi
Hadi Bahmani
author_sort Hasan Mostafaei
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of seismic resilience and sustainability between steel and reinforced concrete structures. With growing demand for environmentally responsible and disaster-resilient infrastructure, evaluating the life cycle performance of construction materials has become critical. Three building typologies—10-, 20-, and 30-story residential structures—are analyzed using a life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) to assess environmental, economic, and seismic performance. The results reveal that reinforced concrete structures tend to exert greater environmental impacts, particularly in categories such as carcinogenic emissions, ecotoxicity, and acidification, primarily due to cement production. Steel structures, while associated with higher energy consumption and mineral resource depletion, demonstrated superior seismic performance across all building heights, characterized by a greater level of ductility and collapse capacity. For instance, the 30-story reinforced concrete structure generated approximately 6.93 million kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq, compared to 6.79 million kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq for its steel counterpart. Steel structures, while associated with higher energy consumption and mineral resource depletion, demonstrated superior seismic performance across all building heights, sustaining up to a 15% greater spectral acceleration before collapse. Additionally, the LCC analysis showed that reinforced concrete is more cost-effective in high-rise construction, especially during the construction stage. These findings offer valuable insights for engineers and decision makers aiming to balance sustainability and structural performance in urban development.
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spelling doaj-art-de0c6b4100434d508dd390aa25cd3da32025-08-20T02:33:31ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-05-011510161310.3390/buildings15101613Seismic Resilience and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Steel and Reinforced StructuresHasan Mostafaei0Morteza Ashoori Barmchi1Hadi Bahmani2School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, AustraliaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht 41996-13776, IranDepartment of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan 84156-83111, IranThis study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of seismic resilience and sustainability between steel and reinforced concrete structures. With growing demand for environmentally responsible and disaster-resilient infrastructure, evaluating the life cycle performance of construction materials has become critical. Three building typologies—10-, 20-, and 30-story residential structures—are analyzed using a life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) to assess environmental, economic, and seismic performance. The results reveal that reinforced concrete structures tend to exert greater environmental impacts, particularly in categories such as carcinogenic emissions, ecotoxicity, and acidification, primarily due to cement production. Steel structures, while associated with higher energy consumption and mineral resource depletion, demonstrated superior seismic performance across all building heights, characterized by a greater level of ductility and collapse capacity. For instance, the 30-story reinforced concrete structure generated approximately 6.93 million kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq, compared to 6.79 million kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq for its steel counterpart. Steel structures, while associated with higher energy consumption and mineral resource depletion, demonstrated superior seismic performance across all building heights, sustaining up to a 15% greater spectral acceleration before collapse. Additionally, the LCC analysis showed that reinforced concrete is more cost-effective in high-rise construction, especially during the construction stage. These findings offer valuable insights for engineers and decision makers aiming to balance sustainability and structural performance in urban development.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/10/1613life cycle assessment (LCA)reinforced concrete (RC) framessteel framessustainable constructionseismic behavior
spellingShingle Hasan Mostafaei
Morteza Ashoori Barmchi
Hadi Bahmani
Seismic Resilience and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Steel and Reinforced Structures
Buildings
life cycle assessment (LCA)
reinforced concrete (RC) frames
steel frames
sustainable construction
seismic behavior
title Seismic Resilience and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Steel and Reinforced Structures
title_full Seismic Resilience and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Steel and Reinforced Structures
title_fullStr Seismic Resilience and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Steel and Reinforced Structures
title_full_unstemmed Seismic Resilience and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Steel and Reinforced Structures
title_short Seismic Resilience and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Steel and Reinforced Structures
title_sort seismic resilience and sustainability a comparative analysis of steel and reinforced structures
topic life cycle assessment (LCA)
reinforced concrete (RC) frames
steel frames
sustainable construction
seismic behavior
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/10/1613
work_keys_str_mv AT hasanmostafaei seismicresilienceandsustainabilityacomparativeanalysisofsteelandreinforcedstructures
AT mortezaashooribarmchi seismicresilienceandsustainabilityacomparativeanalysisofsteelandreinforcedstructures
AT hadibahmani seismicresilienceandsustainabilityacomparativeanalysisofsteelandreinforcedstructures