Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer—one year follow-up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategies

Abstract Background Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) poses a significantly challenge in clinical management, requiring a multimodal treatment approach. Among innovative strategies, Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) has emerged, delivering all planned chemotherapy before surgery. Objective Our aim...

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Main Authors: Luís Correia Gomes, Bernardo Alves Pereira, Isália Miguel, Ana Luís, Ana Pina, Cátia Pedro, Daniela Cavadas, Daniela Pereira, Joana Lemos, João Maciel, João Oliveira, José Venâncio, Madalena Santos, Manuel Limbert, Miguel Braga, Miriam Abdulrehman, Pedro Freitas, Ricardo Fonseca, Teresa Ferreira, Isadora Rosa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:World Journal of Surgical Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-024-03590-4
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author Luís Correia Gomes
Bernardo Alves Pereira
Isália Miguel
Ana Luís
Ana Pina
Cátia Pedro
Daniela Cavadas
Daniela Pereira
Joana Lemos
João Maciel
João Oliveira
José Venâncio
Madalena Santos
Manuel Limbert
Miguel Braga
Miriam Abdulrehman
Pedro Freitas
Ricardo Fonseca
Teresa Ferreira
Isadora Rosa
author_facet Luís Correia Gomes
Bernardo Alves Pereira
Isália Miguel
Ana Luís
Ana Pina
Cátia Pedro
Daniela Cavadas
Daniela Pereira
Joana Lemos
João Maciel
João Oliveira
José Venâncio
Madalena Santos
Manuel Limbert
Miguel Braga
Miriam Abdulrehman
Pedro Freitas
Ricardo Fonseca
Teresa Ferreira
Isadora Rosa
author_sort Luís Correia Gomes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) poses a significantly challenge in clinical management, requiring a multimodal treatment approach. Among innovative strategies, Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) has emerged, delivering all planned chemotherapy before surgery. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the real-world application and efficacy of TNT and to compare it with the non-TNT standard strategy. Methods This retrospective study compared locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma patients treated with Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) in 2022 with those who underwent traditional chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in 2020–2021. The primary endpoints were the pathologic complete response rate and the sustained clinical complete response rate in patients under W&W. Results Among 107 patients (54.2% male, mean age 62.48 years), non-TNT (67 patients) and TNT (40 patients) mean follow-ups were 26.7 and 8.2 months, respectively. No differences in gender(p = 0.163), staging (p = 0.707), or location (p = 0.727) were noted. TNT patients received more short-course radiotherapy (42.5% vs1.5%, p < 0.001). Clinical responses favored TNT (p = 0.030) with no significant differences in pathological responses, recurrence rates, or survival. TNT exhibited higher chemotherapy completion (p = 0.007) and lower adverse events (p < 0.001). Post-surgery events showed no significant differences (p = 0.470). Single center with retrospective design and carries limitations that may restrict the generalizability of the findings and the relatively short follow-up duration are our main limitations. Conclusion Our data add to the body of literature favoring the TNT treatment strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer, aiming to achieve comparable complete response rates with less adverse events.
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spelling doaj-art-ddf8bc71bfa64ab58f2bc7f8e934cd352025-08-20T02:49:09ZengBMCWorld Journal of Surgical Oncology1477-78192024-11-0122111010.1186/s12957-024-03590-4Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer—one year follow-up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategiesLuís Correia Gomes0Bernardo Alves Pereira1Isália Miguel2Ana Luís3Ana Pina4Cátia Pedro5Daniela Cavadas6Daniela Pereira7Joana Lemos8João Maciel9João Oliveira10José Venâncio11Madalena Santos12Manuel Limbert13Miguel Braga14Miriam Abdulrehman15Pedro Freitas16Ricardo Fonseca17Teresa Ferreira18Isadora Rosa19Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Oncology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Oncology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Oncology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Oncology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Radiotherapy, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of General Surgery, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of General Surgery, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Oncology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Radiology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Oncology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of General Surgery, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Radiology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Radiotherapy, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Oncology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Portuguese Oncology InstituteDepartment of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology InstituteAbstract Background Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) poses a significantly challenge in clinical management, requiring a multimodal treatment approach. Among innovative strategies, Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) has emerged, delivering all planned chemotherapy before surgery. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the real-world application and efficacy of TNT and to compare it with the non-TNT standard strategy. Methods This retrospective study compared locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma patients treated with Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) in 2022 with those who underwent traditional chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in 2020–2021. The primary endpoints were the pathologic complete response rate and the sustained clinical complete response rate in patients under W&W. Results Among 107 patients (54.2% male, mean age 62.48 years), non-TNT (67 patients) and TNT (40 patients) mean follow-ups were 26.7 and 8.2 months, respectively. No differences in gender(p = 0.163), staging (p = 0.707), or location (p = 0.727) were noted. TNT patients received more short-course radiotherapy (42.5% vs1.5%, p < 0.001). Clinical responses favored TNT (p = 0.030) with no significant differences in pathological responses, recurrence rates, or survival. TNT exhibited higher chemotherapy completion (p = 0.007) and lower adverse events (p < 0.001). Post-surgery events showed no significant differences (p = 0.470). Single center with retrospective design and carries limitations that may restrict the generalizability of the findings and the relatively short follow-up duration are our main limitations. Conclusion Our data add to the body of literature favoring the TNT treatment strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer, aiming to achieve comparable complete response rates with less adverse events.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-024-03590-4Total neoadjuvant therapyLocally advanced rectal cancerChemoradiotherapyComplete clinical responseAdjuvant chemotherapyTreatment completion rates
spellingShingle Luís Correia Gomes
Bernardo Alves Pereira
Isália Miguel
Ana Luís
Ana Pina
Cátia Pedro
Daniela Cavadas
Daniela Pereira
Joana Lemos
João Maciel
João Oliveira
José Venâncio
Madalena Santos
Manuel Limbert
Miguel Braga
Miriam Abdulrehman
Pedro Freitas
Ricardo Fonseca
Teresa Ferreira
Isadora Rosa
Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer—one year follow-up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategies
World Journal of Surgical Oncology
Total neoadjuvant therapy
Locally advanced rectal cancer
Chemoradiotherapy
Complete clinical response
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Treatment completion rates
title Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer—one year follow-up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategies
title_full Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer—one year follow-up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategies
title_fullStr Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer—one year follow-up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategies
title_full_unstemmed Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer—one year follow-up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategies
title_short Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer—one year follow-up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategies
title_sort neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer one year follow up results of standard versus total neoadjuvant strategies
topic Total neoadjuvant therapy
Locally advanced rectal cancer
Chemoradiotherapy
Complete clinical response
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Treatment completion rates
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-024-03590-4
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