Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between thyroid dysfunction or thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).MethodsA total of 2,867 women undergoing their first in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle at Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital between Januar...

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Main Authors: Hongzhan Zhang, Han Qiu, Zhiqiang Liu, Yulian Wu, Wei Liu, Chunyu Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1477665/full
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author Hongzhan Zhang
Hongzhan Zhang
Hongzhan Zhang
Han Qiu
Han Qiu
Han Qiu
Zhiqiang Liu
Zhiqiang Liu
Yulian Wu
Yulian Wu
Yulian Wu
Wei Liu
Wei Liu
Chunyu Huang
Chunyu Huang
Chunyu Huang
author_facet Hongzhan Zhang
Hongzhan Zhang
Hongzhan Zhang
Han Qiu
Han Qiu
Han Qiu
Zhiqiang Liu
Zhiqiang Liu
Yulian Wu
Yulian Wu
Yulian Wu
Wei Liu
Wei Liu
Chunyu Huang
Chunyu Huang
Chunyu Huang
author_sort Hongzhan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveTo investigate the association between thyroid dysfunction or thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).MethodsA total of 2,867 women undergoing their first in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle at Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2021, were enrolled in this study. The participants had documented thyroid and ovarian reserve metrics. They were categorized into three groups based on their thyroid function: normal thyroid function (N = 2,540), subclinical/overt hypothyroidism (SCH/OH) (N = 290), and subclinical/overt hyperthyroidism (N = 37). Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) were assessed and collected. Women with AMH <1.2 ng/mL and AFC < 5 were diagnosed with DOR. Basic characteristics and ovarian reserve-related parameters were compared among the three groups. The association between thyroid function and ovarian reserve function was further analyzed using logistical regression analyses. In addition, the euthyroid population was stratified using a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) threshold of 2.5 µIU/mL, and the ovarian reserve-related parameters were compared among women with low-normal TSH (TSH < 2.5 µIU/mL), high-normal TSH (2.5 µIU/mL ≤ TSH ≤ 4.2 µIU/mL) and SCH/OH.ResultsWomen with SCH/OH had lower AMH levels (2.79 ng/mL vs. 3.41 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of AMH level < 1.2ng/mL (17.2% vs. 12.1%, P = 0.015) compared to those with normal thyroid function. The prevalence of DOR was also higher among women with SCH/OH (10.0% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.036). There were no significant differences in ovarian reserve between women with normal thyroid function and those with subclinical/overt hyperthyroidism. Logistic regression analyses showed that the odds ratio (OR) of women with SCH/OH suffering from DOR was 1.666 (95% CI: 1.079-2.572) compared to those with normal thyroid function, after adjusting for TAI status and basic clinical characteristics. When the euthyroid group was stratified according to TSH levels, women with SCH/OH showed significantly lower AMH levels compared to women with low-normal TSH (2.79 ng/mL vs. 3.44 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of DOR (10.0% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.010). Logistic regression analyses showed that the women with SCH/OH had an increased prevalence of DOR (OR: 1.819, 95% CI: 1.158-2.858) compared to those with low-normal TSH, after adjusting for TAI status and basic clinical characteristics. However, the OR for DOR among women with high-normal TSH was not significantly elevated compared to those with low-normal TSH (OR: 1.310, 95% CI: 0.936-1.832).ConclusionSCH/OH may be associated with DOR, irrespective of TAI status.
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spelling doaj-art-dde7be2e760544328ac24e1dced52ec82025-08-20T02:21:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922024-12-011510.3389/fendo.2024.14776651477665Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunityHongzhan Zhang0Hongzhan Zhang1Hongzhan Zhang2Han Qiu3Han Qiu4Han Qiu5Zhiqiang Liu6Zhiqiang Liu7Yulian Wu8Yulian Wu9Yulian Wu10Wei Liu11Wei Liu12Chunyu Huang13Chunyu Huang14Chunyu Huang15Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Reproductive Immunology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen, ChinaFertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Reproductive Immunology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen, ChinaFertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen, ChinaFertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Reproductive Immunology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen, ChinaFertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Reproductive Immunology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Reproductive Immunology, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen, ChinaFertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, ChinaObjectiveTo investigate the association between thyroid dysfunction or thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).MethodsA total of 2,867 women undergoing their first in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle at Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2021, were enrolled in this study. The participants had documented thyroid and ovarian reserve metrics. They were categorized into three groups based on their thyroid function: normal thyroid function (N = 2,540), subclinical/overt hypothyroidism (SCH/OH) (N = 290), and subclinical/overt hyperthyroidism (N = 37). Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) were assessed and collected. Women with AMH <1.2 ng/mL and AFC < 5 were diagnosed with DOR. Basic characteristics and ovarian reserve-related parameters were compared among the three groups. The association between thyroid function and ovarian reserve function was further analyzed using logistical regression analyses. In addition, the euthyroid population was stratified using a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) threshold of 2.5 µIU/mL, and the ovarian reserve-related parameters were compared among women with low-normal TSH (TSH < 2.5 µIU/mL), high-normal TSH (2.5 µIU/mL ≤ TSH ≤ 4.2 µIU/mL) and SCH/OH.ResultsWomen with SCH/OH had lower AMH levels (2.79 ng/mL vs. 3.41 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of AMH level < 1.2ng/mL (17.2% vs. 12.1%, P = 0.015) compared to those with normal thyroid function. The prevalence of DOR was also higher among women with SCH/OH (10.0% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.036). There were no significant differences in ovarian reserve between women with normal thyroid function and those with subclinical/overt hyperthyroidism. Logistic regression analyses showed that the odds ratio (OR) of women with SCH/OH suffering from DOR was 1.666 (95% CI: 1.079-2.572) compared to those with normal thyroid function, after adjusting for TAI status and basic clinical characteristics. When the euthyroid group was stratified according to TSH levels, women with SCH/OH showed significantly lower AMH levels compared to women with low-normal TSH (2.79 ng/mL vs. 3.44 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of DOR (10.0% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.010). Logistic regression analyses showed that the women with SCH/OH had an increased prevalence of DOR (OR: 1.819, 95% CI: 1.158-2.858) compared to those with low-normal TSH, after adjusting for TAI status and basic clinical characteristics. However, the OR for DOR among women with high-normal TSH was not significantly elevated compared to those with low-normal TSH (OR: 1.310, 95% CI: 0.936-1.832).ConclusionSCH/OH may be associated with DOR, irrespective of TAI status.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1477665/fullinfertilityhypothyroidismthyroid stimulating hormonethyroid autoimmunityovarian reserveanti-Müllerian hormone
spellingShingle Hongzhan Zhang
Hongzhan Zhang
Hongzhan Zhang
Han Qiu
Han Qiu
Han Qiu
Zhiqiang Liu
Zhiqiang Liu
Yulian Wu
Yulian Wu
Yulian Wu
Wei Liu
Wei Liu
Chunyu Huang
Chunyu Huang
Chunyu Huang
Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity
Frontiers in Endocrinology
infertility
hypothyroidism
thyroid stimulating hormone
thyroid autoimmunity
ovarian reserve
anti-Müllerian hormone
title Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity
title_full Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity
title_fullStr Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity
title_full_unstemmed Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity
title_short Subclinical/overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity
title_sort subclinical overt hypothyroidism may be associated with diminished ovarian reserve in infertile women independent of thyroid autoimmunity
topic infertility
hypothyroidism
thyroid stimulating hormone
thyroid autoimmunity
ovarian reserve
anti-Müllerian hormone
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1477665/full
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