Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction

Abstract Two scenarios (SC1 and SC2) were developed using i-Tree Eco software to estimate carbon dioxide absorption (CO2abs ) by trees and avoided runoff (AR) in improved urban green areas (increasing the sizes of these areas and planting additional trees) in Thailand for a 50-year forecast (2024–20...

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Main Author: Nuanchan Singkran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06366-2
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author Nuanchan Singkran
author_facet Nuanchan Singkran
author_sort Nuanchan Singkran
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Two scenarios (SC1 and SC2) were developed using i-Tree Eco software to estimate carbon dioxide absorption (CO2abs ) by trees and avoided runoff (AR) in improved urban green areas (increasing the sizes of these areas and planting additional trees) in Thailand for a 50-year forecast (2024–2074). Tree annual mortality rates of 1 and 3% were assigned to SC1 and SC2, respectively. The results indicated the high potential of the country’s green areas as urban C sinks if proper greening improvements are implemented. CO2abs in SC1 increased from 0.32 million metric tons-CO2 equivalent (Mmt-CO2e) in 2024 to 9.24 Mmt-CO2e (a 2787.5% increase) in 2074 and is projected to increase beyond this year. In SC2, it increased from 0.32 Mmt-CO2e in 2024 to 3.66 Mmt-CO2e (a 1043.8% increase) in 2059 and is projected to gradually decline. The maximum AR (76.07 Mm3) was detected in SC1 at the end of the simulation period, but the peak AR (28.15 Mm3) in SC2 was detected in 2067, with a subsequent decline projected. Locally, CO2abs increased from the observed amounts (mainly not more than 5000 mt-CO2e) from 2019 to 2023 to more than 50,000 mt-CO2e in 65 (84.4%) of 77 provinces in Thailand in 2065.
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spelling doaj-art-dde1db8726184346836df782e6aeee462025-08-20T04:01:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-06366-2Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reductionNuanchan Singkran0Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol UniversityAbstract Two scenarios (SC1 and SC2) were developed using i-Tree Eco software to estimate carbon dioxide absorption (CO2abs ) by trees and avoided runoff (AR) in improved urban green areas (increasing the sizes of these areas and planting additional trees) in Thailand for a 50-year forecast (2024–2074). Tree annual mortality rates of 1 and 3% were assigned to SC1 and SC2, respectively. The results indicated the high potential of the country’s green areas as urban C sinks if proper greening improvements are implemented. CO2abs in SC1 increased from 0.32 million metric tons-CO2 equivalent (Mmt-CO2e) in 2024 to 9.24 Mmt-CO2e (a 2787.5% increase) in 2074 and is projected to increase beyond this year. In SC2, it increased from 0.32 Mmt-CO2e in 2024 to 3.66 Mmt-CO2e (a 1043.8% increase) in 2059 and is projected to gradually decline. The maximum AR (76.07 Mm3) was detected in SC1 at the end of the simulation period, but the peak AR (28.15 Mm3) in SC2 was detected in 2067, with a subsequent decline projected. Locally, CO2abs increased from the observed amounts (mainly not more than 5000 mt-CO2e) from 2019 to 2023 to more than 50,000 mt-CO2e in 65 (84.4%) of 77 provinces in Thailand in 2065.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06366-2Carbon sequestrationClimate changeGreenhouse gasesNature-based solutionsRunoff reductionUrban forest
spellingShingle Nuanchan Singkran
Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction
Scientific Reports
Carbon sequestration
Climate change
Greenhouse gases
Nature-based solutions
Runoff reduction
Urban forest
title Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction
title_full Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction
title_fullStr Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction
title_full_unstemmed Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction
title_short Greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction
title_sort greening improvement scenarios for assessing the potential of urban carbon sinks and runoff reduction
topic Carbon sequestration
Climate change
Greenhouse gases
Nature-based solutions
Runoff reduction
Urban forest
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06366-2
work_keys_str_mv AT nuanchansingkran greeningimprovementscenariosforassessingthepotentialofurbancarbonsinksandrunoffreduction