A Bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field-effect transistors

Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFETs) are gaining prominence in enzyme detection due to their exceptional sensitivity, rapid response, and capability for real-time monitoring of enzymatic reactions. Among different catalytic systems, heme-based peroxidase enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (...

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Main Authors: Ehsan Khodadadian, Samaneh Mirsian, Shahrzad Shashaani, Maryam Parvizi, Amirreza Khodadadian, Peter Knees, Wolfgang Hilber, Clemens Heitzinger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Machine Learning with Applications
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266682702500101X
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author Ehsan Khodadadian
Samaneh Mirsian
Shahrzad Shashaani
Maryam Parvizi
Amirreza Khodadadian
Peter Knees
Wolfgang Hilber
Clemens Heitzinger
author_facet Ehsan Khodadadian
Samaneh Mirsian
Shahrzad Shashaani
Maryam Parvizi
Amirreza Khodadadian
Peter Knees
Wolfgang Hilber
Clemens Heitzinger
author_sort Ehsan Khodadadian
collection DOAJ
description Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFETs) are gaining prominence in enzyme detection due to their exceptional sensitivity, rapid response, and capability for real-time monitoring of enzymatic reactions. Among different catalytic systems, heme-based peroxidase enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and heme molecules, which can exhibit peroxidase-like activity, are noteworthy due to their significant catalytic behavior. GFETs effectively monitor and detect these enzymatic reactions by observing alterations in their electrical properties. In this study, we present a computational framework designed to determine key enzymatic parameters, including the enzyme turnover number and the Michaelis–Menten constant. Utilizing experimental reaction rate data obtained from the GFET electrical response, we apply Bayesian inversion models to estimate these parameters accurately. Additionally, we develop a novel deep neural network (multilayer perceptron) to predict enzyme behavior under various chemical and environmental conditions. The performance of this coupled computational model is compared against standard machine learning and Bayesian inversion techniques to validate its efficiency and accuracy. We present a pseudocode to explain the implementation of machine learning Bayesian inversion framework.
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issn 2666-8270
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Machine Learning with Applications
spelling doaj-art-dddf97869be94ffc9b48518a3a8ffe032025-08-20T03:04:54ZengElsevierMachine Learning with Applications2666-82702025-09-012110071810.1016/j.mlwa.2025.100718A Bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field-effect transistorsEhsan Khodadadian0Samaneh Mirsian1Shahrzad Shashaani2Maryam Parvizi3Amirreza Khodadadian4Peter Knees5Wolfgang Hilber6Clemens Heitzinger7Machine Learning Unit, TU Wien, Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, AustriaFaculty of Informatics, TU Wien, Vienna, AustriaMachine Learning Unit, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomSchool of Computer Science and Mathematics, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom; Machine Learning Unit, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; Corresponding author at: School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.Faculty of Informatics, TU Wien, Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, AustriaMachine Learning Unit, TU Wien, Vienna, AustriaGraphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFETs) are gaining prominence in enzyme detection due to their exceptional sensitivity, rapid response, and capability for real-time monitoring of enzymatic reactions. Among different catalytic systems, heme-based peroxidase enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and heme molecules, which can exhibit peroxidase-like activity, are noteworthy due to their significant catalytic behavior. GFETs effectively monitor and detect these enzymatic reactions by observing alterations in their electrical properties. In this study, we present a computational framework designed to determine key enzymatic parameters, including the enzyme turnover number and the Michaelis–Menten constant. Utilizing experimental reaction rate data obtained from the GFET electrical response, we apply Bayesian inversion models to estimate these parameters accurately. Additionally, we develop a novel deep neural network (multilayer perceptron) to predict enzyme behavior under various chemical and environmental conditions. The performance of this coupled computational model is compared against standard machine learning and Bayesian inversion techniques to validate its efficiency and accuracy. We present a pseudocode to explain the implementation of machine learning Bayesian inversion framework.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266682702500101XMichaelis–Menten parametersEnzymeGraphene field-effect transistorsBayesian inversionDeep neural networks
spellingShingle Ehsan Khodadadian
Samaneh Mirsian
Shahrzad Shashaani
Maryam Parvizi
Amirreza Khodadadian
Peter Knees
Wolfgang Hilber
Clemens Heitzinger
A Bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field-effect transistors
Machine Learning with Applications
Michaelis–Menten parameters
Enzyme
Graphene field-effect transistors
Bayesian inversion
Deep neural networks
title A Bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field-effect transistors
title_full A Bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field-effect transistors
title_fullStr A Bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field-effect transistors
title_full_unstemmed A Bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field-effect transistors
title_short A Bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field-effect transistors
title_sort bayesian inversion supervised learning framework for the enzyme activity in graphene field effect transistors
topic Michaelis–Menten parameters
Enzyme
Graphene field-effect transistors
Bayesian inversion
Deep neural networks
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266682702500101X
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