The relationship between ageism, loneliness, and anxiety in widowed older adults: cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated model
ObjectiveAs the global population ages and traditional family support structures decline, mental health issues—particularly anxiety—among widowed older adults have become increasingly prevalent. Studies have shown a positive correlation between ageism and anxiety disorders in older bereaved individu...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1624197/full |
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| author | Haohui Shen Guoliang Pan Mengge Zhang Xiuwen He Mingyang Yao Yilong Yang |
| author_facet | Haohui Shen Guoliang Pan Mengge Zhang Xiuwen He Mingyang Yao Yilong Yang |
| author_sort | Haohui Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveAs the global population ages and traditional family support structures decline, mental health issues—particularly anxiety—among widowed older adults have become increasingly prevalent. Studies have shown a positive correlation between ageism and anxiety disorders in older bereaved individuals, but the underlying mechanism by which ageism affects anxiety in this population has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to examine whether loneliness mediates the relationship between age discrimination and anxiety disorders, and whether cognitive functioning moderates this mediation.MethodsA random sampling approach was used to select 406 older adults who have lost their spouse from Shenyang, China. The Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Perceived Age Discrimination Scale (PAD), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Alzheimer’s Disease 8-Item Screening Instrument (AD-8) were used to assess the status of anxiety, ageism, loneliness, and cognitive functioning, respectively. Moderated mediation models were analyzed by SPSS PROCESS version 4.0 software.ResultsAge discrimination had a significant direct effect on anxiety in widowed individuals in later life. Loneliness partially mediated the effect of age discrimination knowledge on anxiety. In addition, the second half of the path of the indirect effect was moderated by cognitive functioning. The indirect effect of loneliness on anxiety was enhanced when cognitive functioning was poor.ConclusionLoneliness enhances the positive association between ageism and anxiety in widowed older adults, in which cognitive functioning plays a moderating role. These findings suggest the need for targeted psychosocial interventions that prioritize cognitive health and social engagement to reduce anxiety among bereaved older adults. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ddde2b4a7b354c6ebe5fa922edb31a31 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ddde2b4a7b354c6ebe5fa922edb31a312025-08-20T03:22:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-06-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.16241971624197The relationship between ageism, loneliness, and anxiety in widowed older adults: cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated modelHaohui Shen0Guoliang Pan1Mengge Zhang2Xiuwen He3Mingyang Yao4Yilong Yang5Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Administration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaShenyang Mental Health Center, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Administration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Administration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaShenyang Mental Health Center, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Administration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, ChinaObjectiveAs the global population ages and traditional family support structures decline, mental health issues—particularly anxiety—among widowed older adults have become increasingly prevalent. Studies have shown a positive correlation between ageism and anxiety disorders in older bereaved individuals, but the underlying mechanism by which ageism affects anxiety in this population has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to examine whether loneliness mediates the relationship between age discrimination and anxiety disorders, and whether cognitive functioning moderates this mediation.MethodsA random sampling approach was used to select 406 older adults who have lost their spouse from Shenyang, China. The Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Perceived Age Discrimination Scale (PAD), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Alzheimer’s Disease 8-Item Screening Instrument (AD-8) were used to assess the status of anxiety, ageism, loneliness, and cognitive functioning, respectively. Moderated mediation models were analyzed by SPSS PROCESS version 4.0 software.ResultsAge discrimination had a significant direct effect on anxiety in widowed individuals in later life. Loneliness partially mediated the effect of age discrimination knowledge on anxiety. In addition, the second half of the path of the indirect effect was moderated by cognitive functioning. The indirect effect of loneliness on anxiety was enhanced when cognitive functioning was poor.ConclusionLoneliness enhances the positive association between ageism and anxiety in widowed older adults, in which cognitive functioning plays a moderating role. These findings suggest the need for targeted psychosocial interventions that prioritize cognitive health and social engagement to reduce anxiety among bereaved older adults.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1624197/fullanxietyageismlonelinesscognitive functionwidowed older adultsmoderated mediation model |
| spellingShingle | Haohui Shen Guoliang Pan Mengge Zhang Xiuwen He Mingyang Yao Yilong Yang The relationship between ageism, loneliness, and anxiety in widowed older adults: cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated model Frontiers in Psychology anxiety ageism loneliness cognitive function widowed older adults moderated mediation model |
| title | The relationship between ageism, loneliness, and anxiety in widowed older adults: cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated model |
| title_full | The relationship between ageism, loneliness, and anxiety in widowed older adults: cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated model |
| title_fullStr | The relationship between ageism, loneliness, and anxiety in widowed older adults: cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated model |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between ageism, loneliness, and anxiety in widowed older adults: cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated model |
| title_short | The relationship between ageism, loneliness, and anxiety in widowed older adults: cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated model |
| title_sort | relationship between ageism loneliness and anxiety in widowed older adults cognitive function as a moderator in the mediated model |
| topic | anxiety ageism loneliness cognitive function widowed older adults moderated mediation model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1624197/full |
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