Immunization with Inactivated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores Expressing TonB-Dependent Receptor (TBDR) Protects Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Infection

Immunization with Inactivated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores Expressing TonB-Dependent Receptor (TBDR) Protects Against Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Infection

Background/Objectives: The emergence of multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (MDR <i>A. baumannii</i>) as a leading cause of fatal hospital-acquired infections underscores the urgent need for effective vaccines. While oral vaccines using live <i>Bacillus s...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Amalia A. Saperi, Atiqah Hazan, Nurfatihah Zulkifli, Hai-Yen Lee, Nor-Aziyah MatRahim, Sazaly AbuBakar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
pneumonia
spores
vaccine
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/6/616
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