Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube

Improving heat transfer efficiency in base fluids remains a key challenge in various thermal applications. To address this, several researchers have suggested the integration of nanoparticles into base fluids, leveraging recent advancements in nanotechnology to enhance performance. This study compar...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zahraa Hussain, Jamal Ali, Hasan Majdi, Abbas Sultan, Bashar Kadhim, Haidar Al-Naseri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Unviversity of Technology- Iraq 2025-03-01
Series:Engineering and Technology Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_186600_2d5a62625e6446c40d02e1020acebdc6.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849764995552772096
author Zahraa Hussain
Jamal Ali
Hasan Majdi
Abbas Sultan
Bashar Kadhim
Haidar Al-Naseri
author_facet Zahraa Hussain
Jamal Ali
Hasan Majdi
Abbas Sultan
Bashar Kadhim
Haidar Al-Naseri
author_sort Zahraa Hussain
collection DOAJ
description Improving heat transfer efficiency in base fluids remains a key challenge in various thermal applications. To address this, several researchers have suggested the integration of nanoparticles into base fluids, leveraging recent advancements in nanotechnology to enhance performance. This study compares different types of nanoparticles and preparation methods for nanofluids and examines the impact of their properties on improving heat transfer. The convective heat transfer under a turbulent flow regime was studied experimentally and numerically in a copper tube used as a test section. Advanced measurement techniques were employed, including a Flux Teq LLC heat flux sensor mounted on the test section wall's inner surface to measure the instantaneous heat flux and inner surface temperature. Additionally, five T-type thermocouples were used to measure the bulk temperature. Three types of nanoparticles—titanium dioxide, copper oxide, and graphene nanoplates were used at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 vol. %) to prepare the nanofluids. The results of applying these nanofluids in the heat transfer process showed that the heat transfer coefficient increased with the concentration of nanoparticles. The greatest improvement was observed at a concentration of 0.03%, with heat transfer coefficient increases compared to the base fluid of 23.7%, 39.1%, and 68.25% for TiO₂, CuO, and GNP, respectively. Numerical results were obtained using COMSOL 5.6, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analytical program. The predicted and experimental values were compared to validate the model, showing good agreement between the results, though minor differences were observed. These findings highlight the potential of nanofluids as an innovative solution for advanced heat transfer applications, offering enhanced performance and energy savings.
format Article
id doaj-art-ddd21a508aa849749f23606bc56df04f
institution DOAJ
issn 1681-6900
2412-0758
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Unviversity of Technology- Iraq
record_format Article
series Engineering and Technology Journal
spelling doaj-art-ddd21a508aa849749f23606bc56df04f2025-08-20T03:04:59ZengUnviversity of Technology- IraqEngineering and Technology Journal1681-69002412-07582025-03-0143320421910.30684/etj.2025.155330.1856186600Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tubeZahraa Hussain0Jamal Ali1Hasan Majdi2Abbas Sultan3Bashar Kadhim4Haidar Al-Naseri5Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries Dept., College of Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon 51001, Iraq.Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.Chemical Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.Improving heat transfer efficiency in base fluids remains a key challenge in various thermal applications. To address this, several researchers have suggested the integration of nanoparticles into base fluids, leveraging recent advancements in nanotechnology to enhance performance. This study compares different types of nanoparticles and preparation methods for nanofluids and examines the impact of their properties on improving heat transfer. The convective heat transfer under a turbulent flow regime was studied experimentally and numerically in a copper tube used as a test section. Advanced measurement techniques were employed, including a Flux Teq LLC heat flux sensor mounted on the test section wall's inner surface to measure the instantaneous heat flux and inner surface temperature. Additionally, five T-type thermocouples were used to measure the bulk temperature. Three types of nanoparticles—titanium dioxide, copper oxide, and graphene nanoplates were used at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 vol. %) to prepare the nanofluids. The results of applying these nanofluids in the heat transfer process showed that the heat transfer coefficient increased with the concentration of nanoparticles. The greatest improvement was observed at a concentration of 0.03%, with heat transfer coefficient increases compared to the base fluid of 23.7%, 39.1%, and 68.25% for TiO₂, CuO, and GNP, respectively. Numerical results were obtained using COMSOL 5.6, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analytical program. The predicted and experimental values were compared to validate the model, showing good agreement between the results, though minor differences were observed. These findings highlight the potential of nanofluids as an innovative solution for advanced heat transfer applications, offering enhanced performance and energy savings.https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_186600_2d5a62625e6446c40d02e1020acebdc6.pdfnumerical investigationnanofluidsheat transferturbulent flowthermophysical properties
spellingShingle Zahraa Hussain
Jamal Ali
Hasan Majdi
Abbas Sultan
Bashar Kadhim
Haidar Al-Naseri
Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube
Engineering and Technology Journal
numerical investigation
nanofluids
heat transfer
turbulent flow
thermophysical properties
title Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube
title_full Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube
title_fullStr Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube
title_full_unstemmed Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube
title_short Experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube
title_sort experimental and theoretical study to improve heat transfer using nanofluids flow in copper tube
topic numerical investigation
nanofluids
heat transfer
turbulent flow
thermophysical properties
url https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_186600_2d5a62625e6446c40d02e1020acebdc6.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT zahraahussain experimentalandtheoreticalstudytoimproveheattransferusingnanofluidsflowincoppertube
AT jamalali experimentalandtheoreticalstudytoimproveheattransferusingnanofluidsflowincoppertube
AT hasanmajdi experimentalandtheoreticalstudytoimproveheattransferusingnanofluidsflowincoppertube
AT abbassultan experimentalandtheoreticalstudytoimproveheattransferusingnanofluidsflowincoppertube
AT basharkadhim experimentalandtheoreticalstudytoimproveheattransferusingnanofluidsflowincoppertube
AT haidaralnaseri experimentalandtheoreticalstudytoimproveheattransferusingnanofluidsflowincoppertube