Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme Northern edge of cultivation.

Global warming causes plant stress and reduces crop productivity. Cultivation of the warmer region crop sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) in Northern regions can be an opportunity to benefit from climate warming, but there is little information of how growing season length interacts with agric...

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Main Authors: Ivar Zekker, Astrid Kännaste, Viacheslav Eremeev, Kaia Kask, Pille Meinson, Helina Nassar, Erkki Mäeorg, Eve Runno-Paurson, Ülo Niinemets
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318531
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author Ivar Zekker
Astrid Kännaste
Viacheslav Eremeev
Kaia Kask
Pille Meinson
Helina Nassar
Erkki Mäeorg
Eve Runno-Paurson
Ülo Niinemets
author_facet Ivar Zekker
Astrid Kännaste
Viacheslav Eremeev
Kaia Kask
Pille Meinson
Helina Nassar
Erkki Mäeorg
Eve Runno-Paurson
Ülo Niinemets
author_sort Ivar Zekker
collection DOAJ
description Global warming causes plant stress and reduces crop productivity. Cultivation of the warmer region crop sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) in Northern regions can be an opportunity to benefit from climate warming, but there is little information of how growing season length interacts with agricultural practices such as nitrogen (N) fertilization. We studied the photosynthetic characteristics, biomass accumulation, carbon (C) and N contents of plant organs of the cultivar 'Purple Bud' in relation to the planting date (the 2nd of May, 10th of May, 20th of May, 30th of May and 10th of June) and N fertilization (kg ha-1; N0, N50, N100 and N150). Nitrogen content of leaves (NL) and tubers (NT) increased with N application dose and was moderately affected by planting time. Despite the fertilization-dependent increase of leaf N content, photosynthesis rate (A) was unaffected or somewhat reduced by N fertilization. This reflected reductions in stomatal conductance (gs) and ratio of intercellular CO2 to ambient CO2 (Ci/Ca), suggesting that enhanced N availability and concomitant increase in whole plant area resulted in reduced plant water availability. The highest values of leaf C/N ratio, tuber to root mass ratio and dry weight content of roots (DWR) were found in N0 plants and the ones planted on the 10th of May and 20th of May. Our results collectively demonstrate that the growth and productivity of sweet potato is strongly dependent on the length of the growing season, and can be further constrained by utilization efficiency of N. We conclude that future research should focus on optimum sweet potato cultivation technologies at Northern latitudes.
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spelling doaj-art-ddcd04a2adae4ee0a0bee5ea52ec6c9b2025-08-20T03:26:29ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01203e031853110.1371/journal.pone.0318531Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme Northern edge of cultivation.Ivar ZekkerAstrid KännasteViacheslav EremeevKaia KaskPille MeinsonHelina NassarErkki MäeorgEve Runno-PaursonÜlo NiinemetsGlobal warming causes plant stress and reduces crop productivity. Cultivation of the warmer region crop sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) in Northern regions can be an opportunity to benefit from climate warming, but there is little information of how growing season length interacts with agricultural practices such as nitrogen (N) fertilization. We studied the photosynthetic characteristics, biomass accumulation, carbon (C) and N contents of plant organs of the cultivar 'Purple Bud' in relation to the planting date (the 2nd of May, 10th of May, 20th of May, 30th of May and 10th of June) and N fertilization (kg ha-1; N0, N50, N100 and N150). Nitrogen content of leaves (NL) and tubers (NT) increased with N application dose and was moderately affected by planting time. Despite the fertilization-dependent increase of leaf N content, photosynthesis rate (A) was unaffected or somewhat reduced by N fertilization. This reflected reductions in stomatal conductance (gs) and ratio of intercellular CO2 to ambient CO2 (Ci/Ca), suggesting that enhanced N availability and concomitant increase in whole plant area resulted in reduced plant water availability. The highest values of leaf C/N ratio, tuber to root mass ratio and dry weight content of roots (DWR) were found in N0 plants and the ones planted on the 10th of May and 20th of May. Our results collectively demonstrate that the growth and productivity of sweet potato is strongly dependent on the length of the growing season, and can be further constrained by utilization efficiency of N. We conclude that future research should focus on optimum sweet potato cultivation technologies at Northern latitudes.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318531
spellingShingle Ivar Zekker
Astrid Kännaste
Viacheslav Eremeev
Kaia Kask
Pille Meinson
Helina Nassar
Erkki Mäeorg
Eve Runno-Paurson
Ülo Niinemets
Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme Northern edge of cultivation.
PLoS ONE
title Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme Northern edge of cultivation.
title_full Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme Northern edge of cultivation.
title_fullStr Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme Northern edge of cultivation.
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme Northern edge of cultivation.
title_short Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme Northern edge of cultivation.
title_sort impacts of nitrogen fertilization and planting date on the physiology and yield of purple sweet potato at the extreme northern edge of cultivation
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318531
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