The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D Deficiency

Introduction: Pneumonia is a significant health issue in children under 5 years old. Vitamin D may help to reduce childhood mortality, morbidity, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in children with pneumonia, but the evidence is still limited and controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect o...

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Main Authors: Retno Asih Setyoningrum, Wigit Kristianto, Arda Pratama Putra Chafid, Rika Hapsari, Irmi Syafa'ah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universitas Airlangga 2025-05-01
Series:Jurnal Respirasi
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Online Access:https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JR/article/view/65665
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author Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Wigit Kristianto
Arda Pratama Putra Chafid
Rika Hapsari
Irmi Syafa'ah
author_facet Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Wigit Kristianto
Arda Pratama Putra Chafid
Rika Hapsari
Irmi Syafa'ah
author_sort Retno Asih Setyoningrum
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Pneumonia is a significant health issue in children under 5 years old. Vitamin D may help to reduce childhood mortality, morbidity, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in children with pneumonia, but the evidence is still limited and controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on IL-6 levels and clinical manifestations in children with pneumonia and vitamin D inadequacy. Methods: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blinded trial study. Twenty-eight children diagnosed with pneumonia and vitamin D deficiency were enrolled and divided into a supplementation (n=15) or placebo group (n=13). Children were given a single dose (100,000 international units/IU) of vitamin D3 or placebo on the first day of hospitalization. Clinical manifestations were assessed by the Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS). Results: The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D3), IL-6, and PRESS score at baseline showed no significant difference between groups. Seven days post-supplementation, only the PRESS score showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.025). Analysis of the vitamin D3 group showed a significantly increased 25-OH D3 level and a reduced PRESS score (p=0.039 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: A single high dose of vitamin D3 supplementation in children with pneumonia and inadequate vitamin D levels helps elevate 25-OH D3 levels and reduce clinical manifestations, as indicated by the PRESS score.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-ddc93f24125f4c968b366fdcc6549cca2025-08-20T03:24:47ZengUniversitas AirlanggaJurnal Respirasi2407-08312621-83722025-05-01112107113https://doi.org/10.20473/jr.v11-I.2.2025.107-113The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D DeficiencyRetno Asih Setyoningrum0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-6869Wigit Kristianto1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-2980Arda Pratama Putra Chafid2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-6423Rika Hapsari3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3455-1444Irmi Syafa'ah4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-0189Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hopital, Surabaya, Indonesia.Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hopital, Surabaya, Indonesia.Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.Ph.D. Program in Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.Introduction: Pneumonia is a significant health issue in children under 5 years old. Vitamin D may help to reduce childhood mortality, morbidity, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in children with pneumonia, but the evidence is still limited and controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on IL-6 levels and clinical manifestations in children with pneumonia and vitamin D inadequacy. Methods: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blinded trial study. Twenty-eight children diagnosed with pneumonia and vitamin D deficiency were enrolled and divided into a supplementation (n=15) or placebo group (n=13). Children were given a single dose (100,000 international units/IU) of vitamin D3 or placebo on the first day of hospitalization. Clinical manifestations were assessed by the Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS). Results: The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D3), IL-6, and PRESS score at baseline showed no significant difference between groups. Seven days post-supplementation, only the PRESS score showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.025). Analysis of the vitamin D3 group showed a significantly increased 25-OH D3 level and a reduced PRESS score (p=0.039 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: A single high dose of vitamin D3 supplementation in children with pneumonia and inadequate vitamin D levels helps elevate 25-OH D3 levels and reduce clinical manifestations, as indicated by the PRESS score.https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JR/article/view/65665human & healthinterleukin-6pneumoniapress scorevitamin d
spellingShingle Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Wigit Kristianto
Arda Pratama Putra Chafid
Rika Hapsari
Irmi Syafa'ah
The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D Deficiency
Jurnal Respirasi
human & health
interleukin-6
pneumonia
press score
vitamin d
title The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D Deficiency
title_full The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D Deficiency
title_fullStr The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D Deficiency
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D Deficiency
title_short The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D Deficiency
title_sort effect of vitamin d3 supplementation on interleukin 6 and press score in children with pneumonia and vitamin d deficiency
topic human & health
interleukin-6
pneumonia
press score
vitamin d
url https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JR/article/view/65665
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