Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors

Abstract The energy loss in inductor core is a significant limitation in high-frequency power electronics. For evaluating and optimizing soft magnets, simultaneous imaging of both amplitude and phase of AC stray fields beyond 10 kHz is crucial. Here, we develop an imaging technique for analyzing AC...

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Main Authors: Ryota Kitagawa, Aoi Nakatsuka, Teruo Kohashi, Takeyuki Tsuji, Honami Nitta, Kosuke Mizuno, Yota Takamura, Shigeki Nakagawa, Takayuki Iwasaki, Amir Yacoby, Mutsuko Hatano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Materials
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-025-00812-4
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author Ryota Kitagawa
Aoi Nakatsuka
Teruo Kohashi
Takeyuki Tsuji
Honami Nitta
Kosuke Mizuno
Yota Takamura
Shigeki Nakagawa
Takayuki Iwasaki
Amir Yacoby
Mutsuko Hatano
author_facet Ryota Kitagawa
Aoi Nakatsuka
Teruo Kohashi
Takeyuki Tsuji
Honami Nitta
Kosuke Mizuno
Yota Takamura
Shigeki Nakagawa
Takayuki Iwasaki
Amir Yacoby
Mutsuko Hatano
author_sort Ryota Kitagawa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The energy loss in inductor core is a significant limitation in high-frequency power electronics. For evaluating and optimizing soft magnets, simultaneous imaging of both amplitude and phase of AC stray fields beyond 10 kHz is crucial. Here, we develop an imaging technique for analyzing AC magnetization response using diamond quantum sensors. For frequencies up to 200 kHz, we propose a measurement protocol, Qubit Frequency Track (Qurack), where microwave frequency modulation tracks qubit frequency oscillations. For higher frequencies above MHz, quantum heterodyne (Qdyne) imaging is employed. The soft magnetic CoFeB–SiO2 thin films, developed for high-frequency inductors, exhibit near-zero phase delay up to 2.3 MHz, indicating negligible energy loss. Moreover, the energy loss depends on the anisotropy: when the magnetization is driven along the easy axis, phase delay increases with frequency, signifying higher energy dissipation. These results suggest potential applications in analyzing soft magnets and improving the performance of power electronics.
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id doaj-art-ddbd4ea2b379411780a23c2f13eb6f02
institution Kabale University
issn 2662-4443
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Materials
spelling doaj-art-ddbd4ea2b379411780a23c2f13eb6f022025-08-20T03:48:19ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Materials2662-44432025-05-01611910.1038/s43246-025-00812-4Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensorsRyota Kitagawa0Aoi Nakatsuka1Teruo Kohashi2Takeyuki Tsuji3Honami Nitta4Kosuke Mizuno5Yota Takamura6Shigeki Nakagawa7Takayuki Iwasaki8Amir Yacoby9Mutsuko Hatano10School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuResearch & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., HatoyamaSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuSchool of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-kuAbstract The energy loss in inductor core is a significant limitation in high-frequency power electronics. For evaluating and optimizing soft magnets, simultaneous imaging of both amplitude and phase of AC stray fields beyond 10 kHz is crucial. Here, we develop an imaging technique for analyzing AC magnetization response using diamond quantum sensors. For frequencies up to 200 kHz, we propose a measurement protocol, Qubit Frequency Track (Qurack), where microwave frequency modulation tracks qubit frequency oscillations. For higher frequencies above MHz, quantum heterodyne (Qdyne) imaging is employed. The soft magnetic CoFeB–SiO2 thin films, developed for high-frequency inductors, exhibit near-zero phase delay up to 2.3 MHz, indicating negligible energy loss. Moreover, the energy loss depends on the anisotropy: when the magnetization is driven along the easy axis, phase delay increases with frequency, signifying higher energy dissipation. These results suggest potential applications in analyzing soft magnets and improving the performance of power electronics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-025-00812-4
spellingShingle Ryota Kitagawa
Aoi Nakatsuka
Teruo Kohashi
Takeyuki Tsuji
Honami Nitta
Kosuke Mizuno
Yota Takamura
Shigeki Nakagawa
Takayuki Iwasaki
Amir Yacoby
Mutsuko Hatano
Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors
Communications Materials
title Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors
title_full Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors
title_fullStr Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors
title_full_unstemmed Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors
title_short Imaging AC magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors
title_sort imaging ac magnetization response of soft magnetic thin films using diamond quantum sensors
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-025-00812-4
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