Observation of nonlinear input-output power characteristic of light emission from an electrically-biased metallic photonic crystal

Abstract We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first realization of an electrically-biased, resonant-cavity metallic photonic-crystal (PC) emitter. The PC device is electrically-biased and is driven out of thermal equilibrium. The PC emission exhibits a strongly nonlinear input-output power c...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mei-Li Hsieh, Tyler Romero, J. A. Bur, Xuanjie Wang, Jhih-Sheng Wu, Shankar Narayan, Sajeev John, Shawn-Yu Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Nanophotonics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44310-025-00062-9
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Summary:Abstract We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first realization of an electrically-biased, resonant-cavity metallic photonic-crystal (PC) emitter. The PC device is electrically-biased and is driven out of thermal equilibrium. The PC emission exhibits a strongly nonlinear input-output power characteristic at the resonant peak wavelength, λ ~ 1.7 μm. Particularly, at lower bias, the emission power shows an exponential growth over 3 orders-of-magnitude. At higher bias, the growth slows down and shows a linear dependence on input power. This observed output/input characteristic may arise from non-equilibrium injection of hot electrons, the excitation of localized surface plasmons at the interior surfaces of the PC and photon emission to optical passband modes of the PC/ resonant cavity structure.
ISSN:2948-216X