Fractional Calculus of Variations for Composed Functionals with Generalized Derivatives

This paper extends the fractional calculus of variations to include generalized fractional derivatives with dependence on a given kernel, encompassing a wide range of fractional operators. We focus on variational problems involving the composition of functionals, deriving the Euler–Lagrange equation...

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Main Author: Ricardo Almeida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Fractal and Fractional
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/3/188
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author Ricardo Almeida
author_facet Ricardo Almeida
author_sort Ricardo Almeida
collection DOAJ
description This paper extends the fractional calculus of variations to include generalized fractional derivatives with dependence on a given kernel, encompassing a wide range of fractional operators. We focus on variational problems involving the composition of functionals, deriving the Euler–Lagrange equation for this generalized case and providing optimality conditions for extremal curves. We explore problems with integral and holonomic constraints and consider higher-order derivatives, where the fractional orders are free.
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series Fractal and Fractional
spelling doaj-art-ddb8a056f34d4f869be7b0b3427819422025-08-20T02:42:30ZengMDPI AGFractal and Fractional2504-31102025-03-019318810.3390/fractalfract9030188Fractional Calculus of Variations for Composed Functionals with Generalized DerivativesRicardo Almeida0Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications, Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalThis paper extends the fractional calculus of variations to include generalized fractional derivatives with dependence on a given kernel, encompassing a wide range of fractional operators. We focus on variational problems involving the composition of functionals, deriving the Euler–Lagrange equation for this generalized case and providing optimality conditions for extremal curves. We explore problems with integral and holonomic constraints and consider higher-order derivatives, where the fractional orders are free.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/3/188fractional calculuscalculus of variationsEuler–Lagrange equationisoperimetric problemholonomic problemtime delay
spellingShingle Ricardo Almeida
Fractional Calculus of Variations for Composed Functionals with Generalized Derivatives
Fractal and Fractional
fractional calculus
calculus of variations
Euler–Lagrange equation
isoperimetric problem
holonomic problem
time delay
title Fractional Calculus of Variations for Composed Functionals with Generalized Derivatives
title_full Fractional Calculus of Variations for Composed Functionals with Generalized Derivatives
title_fullStr Fractional Calculus of Variations for Composed Functionals with Generalized Derivatives
title_full_unstemmed Fractional Calculus of Variations for Composed Functionals with Generalized Derivatives
title_short Fractional Calculus of Variations for Composed Functionals with Generalized Derivatives
title_sort fractional calculus of variations for composed functionals with generalized derivatives
topic fractional calculus
calculus of variations
Euler–Lagrange equation
isoperimetric problem
holonomic problem
time delay
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/3/188
work_keys_str_mv AT ricardoalmeida fractionalcalculusofvariationsforcomposedfunctionalswithgeneralizedderivatives