Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo study

Background: Piroxicam (PRX), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor aqueous solubility, limiting its therapeutic efficacy. Enhancing solubility can directly improve bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. This study explores the development of a new solid dispersion (SD) system...

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Main Authors: Charit Kumar, Arun Nanda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Creative Pharma Assent 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
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Online Access:https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/921
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author Charit Kumar
Arun Nanda
author_facet Charit Kumar
Arun Nanda
author_sort Charit Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Background: Piroxicam (PRX), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor aqueous solubility, limiting its therapeutic efficacy. Enhancing solubility can directly improve bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. This study explores the development of a new solid dispersion (SD) system of PRX using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) as a carrier by MW-assisted method. Methods: The involvement of microwave (MW) in the solvent evaporation method is a newer concept aimed at enhancing the solubility and in vivo bioavailability of PRX. Various ratios of PRX: PVPK30 (1:5, 1:7, 1:9, and 1:11 w/w) were evaluated using conventional and MW-assisted solvent evaporation methods and conducted in vitro dissolution studies. Results: The optimized MW-assisted formulation (1:7 w/w) exhibited 94.69±0.24% drug release in 15 minutes, showing a 5.37-fold increase compared to pure PRX (17.63%) and surpassing the marketed drug release (90.82±0.39%). Fourier Transform Infrared, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and powdered X-ray diffraction authenticated the OF. In vivo studies demonstrated significant enhancements (p<0.0001) compared to control. The anti-inflammatory activity showed increased paw oedema inhibition (44.4±0.4%) compared to control and pure PRX (35.37±0.3%). The analgesic activity of OF demonstrated improved pain response time (10.6±0.8 seconds) compared to control (4.2±0.5 seconds) and pure PRX (8.1±0.7 seconds). Conclusion: The SD developed via the MW-assisted drug formulation technique significantly enhances the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of PRX, offering a potential strategy to improve clinical outcomes for similar drugs with solubility challenges.
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spelling doaj-art-ddb6d3482a8a4943b945aa9be897eb192025-08-20T02:55:16ZengCreative Pharma AssentJournal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research2348-03352025-02-01131496110.69857/joapr.v13i1.921922Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo studyCharit Kumar0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-0591Arun Nanda1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, IndiaBackground: Piroxicam (PRX), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor aqueous solubility, limiting its therapeutic efficacy. Enhancing solubility can directly improve bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. This study explores the development of a new solid dispersion (SD) system of PRX using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) as a carrier by MW-assisted method. Methods: The involvement of microwave (MW) in the solvent evaporation method is a newer concept aimed at enhancing the solubility and in vivo bioavailability of PRX. Various ratios of PRX: PVPK30 (1:5, 1:7, 1:9, and 1:11 w/w) were evaluated using conventional and MW-assisted solvent evaporation methods and conducted in vitro dissolution studies. Results: The optimized MW-assisted formulation (1:7 w/w) exhibited 94.69±0.24% drug release in 15 minutes, showing a 5.37-fold increase compared to pure PRX (17.63%) and surpassing the marketed drug release (90.82±0.39%). Fourier Transform Infrared, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and powdered X-ray diffraction authenticated the OF. In vivo studies demonstrated significant enhancements (p<0.0001) compared to control. The anti-inflammatory activity showed increased paw oedema inhibition (44.4±0.4%) compared to control and pure PRX (35.37±0.3%). The analgesic activity of OF demonstrated improved pain response time (10.6±0.8 seconds) compared to control (4.2±0.5 seconds) and pure PRX (8.1±0.7 seconds). Conclusion: The SD developed via the MW-assisted drug formulation technique significantly enhances the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of PRX, offering a potential strategy to improve clinical outcomes for similar drugs with solubility challenges.https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/921piroxicammicrowave-assisted drug formulationin vivo anti-inflammatory activityin vivo analgesic activitypvp k30drug formulation technology
spellingShingle Charit Kumar
Arun Nanda
Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo study
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
piroxicam
microwave-assisted drug formulation
in vivo anti-inflammatory activity
in vivo analgesic activity
pvp k30
drug formulation technology
title Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo study
title_full Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo study
title_fullStr Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo study
title_full_unstemmed Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo study
title_short Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo study
title_sort novel microwave assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy an in vitro and in vivo study
topic piroxicam
microwave-assisted drug formulation
in vivo anti-inflammatory activity
in vivo analgesic activity
pvp k30
drug formulation technology
url https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/921
work_keys_str_mv AT charitkumar novelmicrowaveassistedsoliddispersiontechnologyenhancespiroxicamdissolutionandtherapeuticefficacyaninvitroandinvivostudy
AT arunnanda novelmicrowaveassistedsoliddispersiontechnologyenhancespiroxicamdissolutionandtherapeuticefficacyaninvitroandinvivostudy