Implementation of Sensitive Method for Determination of Benzophenone and Camphor UV Filters in Human Urine

The level of the human body’s burden of benzophenone and camphor ultraviolet (UV) filters can be estimated from their urinary levels. The present study describes the implementations and validation of the sensitive analytical method for the analysis of seven benzophenone and two camphor UV filters in...

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Main Authors: Veronika Gomersall, Katerina Ciglova, Jana Pulkrabova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Toxics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/837
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author Veronika Gomersall
Katerina Ciglova
Jana Pulkrabova
author_facet Veronika Gomersall
Katerina Ciglova
Jana Pulkrabova
author_sort Veronika Gomersall
collection DOAJ
description The level of the human body’s burden of benzophenone and camphor ultraviolet (UV) filters can be estimated from their urinary levels. The present study describes the implementations and validation of the sensitive analytical method for the analysis of seven benzophenone and two camphor UV filters in urine. Sample preparation includes overnight enzymatic hydrolysis and ethyl acetate extraction followed by purification by dispersive solid-phase extraction using a sorbent Z-Sep. For the analysis, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used. Validation was performed using a Standard Reference Material<sup>®</sup> 3673 and an artificially contaminated urine sample. Target analyte recoveries ranged from 79–113% with repeatability expressed as a relative standard deviation of 2–15%. The limits of quantification were between 0.001 and 0.100 ng/mL in urine. This method was subsequently applied to examine the urine samples collected from Czech women. The analytes benzophenone-1 and 4-hydroxy-benzophenone were the most common analytes present in 100% of the samples, whereas benzophenone-3 was quantified in only 90% of the urine samples. The other four determined benzophenone derivatives were quantified in ≤33% of the samples. The derivatives of camphor were not detected in any samples. This method could be applied in biomonitoring studies.
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spelling doaj-art-ddb2af70fde74ee89b431c20d7f494052025-08-20T02:57:29ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-11-01121283710.3390/toxics12120837Implementation of Sensitive Method for Determination of Benzophenone and Camphor UV Filters in Human UrineVeronika Gomersall0Katerina Ciglova1Jana Pulkrabova2Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicThe level of the human body’s burden of benzophenone and camphor ultraviolet (UV) filters can be estimated from their urinary levels. The present study describes the implementations and validation of the sensitive analytical method for the analysis of seven benzophenone and two camphor UV filters in urine. Sample preparation includes overnight enzymatic hydrolysis and ethyl acetate extraction followed by purification by dispersive solid-phase extraction using a sorbent Z-Sep. For the analysis, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used. Validation was performed using a Standard Reference Material<sup>®</sup> 3673 and an artificially contaminated urine sample. Target analyte recoveries ranged from 79–113% with repeatability expressed as a relative standard deviation of 2–15%. The limits of quantification were between 0.001 and 0.100 ng/mL in urine. This method was subsequently applied to examine the urine samples collected from Czech women. The analytes benzophenone-1 and 4-hydroxy-benzophenone were the most common analytes present in 100% of the samples, whereas benzophenone-3 was quantified in only 90% of the urine samples. The other four determined benzophenone derivatives were quantified in ≤33% of the samples. The derivatives of camphor were not detected in any samples. This method could be applied in biomonitoring studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/837biomonitoringUHPLC-MS/MSurine analysisUV filters
spellingShingle Veronika Gomersall
Katerina Ciglova
Jana Pulkrabova
Implementation of Sensitive Method for Determination of Benzophenone and Camphor UV Filters in Human Urine
Toxics
biomonitoring
UHPLC-MS/MS
urine analysis
UV filters
title Implementation of Sensitive Method for Determination of Benzophenone and Camphor UV Filters in Human Urine
title_full Implementation of Sensitive Method for Determination of Benzophenone and Camphor UV Filters in Human Urine
title_fullStr Implementation of Sensitive Method for Determination of Benzophenone and Camphor UV Filters in Human Urine
title_full_unstemmed Implementation of Sensitive Method for Determination of Benzophenone and Camphor UV Filters in Human Urine
title_short Implementation of Sensitive Method for Determination of Benzophenone and Camphor UV Filters in Human Urine
title_sort implementation of sensitive method for determination of benzophenone and camphor uv filters in human urine
topic biomonitoring
UHPLC-MS/MS
urine analysis
UV filters
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/837
work_keys_str_mv AT veronikagomersall implementationofsensitivemethodfordeterminationofbenzophenoneandcamphoruvfiltersinhumanurine
AT katerinaciglova implementationofsensitivemethodfordeterminationofbenzophenoneandcamphoruvfiltersinhumanurine
AT janapulkrabova implementationofsensitivemethodfordeterminationofbenzophenoneandcamphoruvfiltersinhumanurine